KAS YRA BIOPOLITIKOS SUBJEKTAS? FILOSOFIJA, HUMANIZMAS IR GYVŪNIŠKUMAS.

The essay analyses the paradox of human rights which is revealed in the works of Hannah Arendt, Jacques Rancière, and Giorgio Agamben. The notion of human rights is considered as a biopolitical apparatus, introducing a caesura between a living being and a political existence within the human itself....

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Publicado en:Problems / Problemos Vol. 86; pp. 7 - 23
Autor principal: Žukauskaitė, Audronė
Formato: Essay
Publicado: Vilnius University 2014
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.15388/Problemos.2014.0.3959
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        atl: KAS YRA BIOPOLITIKOS SUBJEKTAS? FILOSOFIJA, HUMANIZMAS IR GYVŪNIŠKUMAS.
      aug:
        au: Žukauskaitė, Audronė
        affil: Lietuvos kultūros tyrimų instituto Šiuolaikinės filosofijos skyrius Saltoniškių g. 58, LT-08105 Vilnius
      su:
        Human rights
        Biopolitics (Sociobiology)
        Biopolitics (Philosophy)
        Arendt, Hannah, 1906-1975
        Agamben, Giorgio, 1942-
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        subj:
          Human rights
          Biopolitics (Sociobiology)
          Biopolitics (Philosophy)
          Arendt, Hannah, 1906-1975
          Agamben, Giorgio, 1942-
      keyword:
        animal
        human rights
        life
        žmogaus teisės
        Agamben
        Arendt
        Derrida
        Esposito
        gyvūnas
        gyvybė
        Rancière
      ab:
        The essay analyses the paradox of human rights which is revealed in the works of Hannah Arendt, Jacques Rancière, and Giorgio Agamben. The notion of human rights is considered as a biopolitical apparatus, introducing a caesura between a living being and a political existence within the human itself. This division between animality and humanity in the human itself found in the concept of human rights resonates with the distinction between humanity and animality in philosophy. If classical thought - from Aristotle to Heidegger - postulates the distinction between man and animal, Agamben and Derrida insist that the animalization of man and the humanization of animal are the two sides of the same problem. After paraphrazing the problem in this way, the essay examines the philosophy of Roberto Esposito, who claims that all forms of life are equally important and immanent to themselves. By contrast to negative biopolitics, which is understood as the subjection of living beings to the power of norms and laws, Esposito seeks to create an affirmative biopolitics, where the norm is seen as the immanent rale that life follows to reach the maximum of its expression. Although such a notion of affirmative biopolitics may be considered as lacking political consequences, Esposito claims that by erasing the division between zoë and bios, or between naked life and political existence, we do not diminish our capacities to act in the political realm but, on the contrary, create the conditions for any being-in-common, which is the essence of the political.
        Straipsnyje analizuojamas žmogaus teisių paradoksas, atskleistas Hannah'os Arendt, Jacques'o Ranciėre'o ir Giorgio Agambeno darbuose. Žmogaus teisių konceptas veikia kaip biopolitinis aparatas, įdiegiantis žmogaus kaip gyvos būtybės ir žmogaus kaip politinio subjekto perskyrą. Ši gyvūniškumo ir žmogiškumo perskyra, atrandama pačiame žmoguje, rezonuoja su žmogiškumo ir gyvūniškumo klausimu filosofijoje. Klasikinė filosofija - nuo Aristotelio iki Heideggerio imtinai - postuluoja žmogaus ir gyvūno skirtingumą, o Agambenas ir Derrida teigia, kad žmogaus gyvūniškumas ir gyvūno humanizavimas yra tik dvi tos pačios problemos pusės. Toks klausimo performulavimas leidžia pereiti prie Roberto Esposito filosofijos, kurioje teigiamas visų gyvų būtybių lygiavertiškumas bei pačios gyvybės imanentiškumas. Priešingai nei negatyvioji biopolitika, kuri siekė pajungti gyvybę normai ir įstatymui, Esposito nori sukurti teigiančiųjų biopolitiką, kurioje norma laikoma imanentiška taisykle, leidžiančia gyvybei siekti maksimalios išraiškos. Nors atrodytų, jo g tokia teorija turi mažai ką bendra su politiškumo konceptuaUzavimu, Esposito teigia, jog būtent ribos tarp zoė ir bios, tarp nuogos gyvybės ir politinės egzistencijos, panaikinimas ne tik nesumažina galimybių veikti politinėje plotmėje, bet, atvirkščiai, yra bet kokio bendro buvimo sąlyga.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Essay
      src: R
    language: Lithuanian
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