| Sumario: | This article analyses the political and social strategy developed at the turn of the century by both the Capuchine Order and Huilliche leadership to protect the Indians against the lack of State protection and abuse carried out by the settlers since the 1850s. Within the framework of the Cuestion Huilliche, the Capuchinos missionaries promoted the Parliament of 1907 and the Demographic census of the Futahuillimapu (Tierra Grande del Sur), to accelerate the settlement of the people and thus, promote the defence of their landplots. Underlining a documentary perspective, the text is centered on the richness and potentiality of the data collected by the census of the Huilliche people, the first ever done using modern methods, to understand the peopling patterns,kinship structures and material resources available for the Huilliche at the beginning of the XX century.
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