| Sumario: | This article analyzes Mapuche political participation during the last years of the government of Eduardo Frei Montalva (1968-1970). It describes, first of all, the fundamental factors of the so-called indigenous problem. Secondly, it characterizes the trajectory of the Mapuche movement during the sixties (1961-1968). Thirdly, it examines how the debates on a new indigenous law and the restitution of usurped lands limited the discussion framework of a programmatic project. The hypothesis that guides this article maintains that towards the end of the sixties a sector of the Mapuche leadership defined a clear policy towards the Chilean State, specifying the structural characteristics of colonialism and, proposing clear alternatives to the policy of division of the communities.
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