| Sumario: | Objective: To estimate the population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in very premature infants using the non-linear mixed effects modelling. Method: A total of 167 serum concentration measurements obtained from routine theophylline monitoring of 107 very premature Japanese infants were collected. Results: The final pharmacokinetic parameters were CL (mL/h) = [6·98 · body weight (BW) (kg)2·17 + 0·244 · post-conceptional age (weeks)] · 1·24oxygen support, Vd (L) = 0·492 · BW (kg) and F = 0·660, respectively. Clearance was increased by 24% for patients receiving oxygen support. The inter-individual variabilities in clearance and apparent volume of distribution were 15·6% and 80·4%, respectively, and the residual variability was 34·2% as a coefficient of variation. Conclusion: Application of the findings in this study to patient care may permit selection of an appropriate initial maintenance dosage to achieve target theophylline concentrations, thus enabling the clinician to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in very premature Japanese infants.
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