Diacetyl emissions and airborne dust from butter flavorings used in microwave popcorn production.
In microwave popcorn workers, exposure to butter flavorings has been associated with fixed obstructive lung disease resembling bronchiolitis obliterans. Inhalation toxicology studies have shown severe respiratory effects in rats exposed to vapors from a paste butter flavoring, and to diacetyl, a dik...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene Vol. 3; no. 10; pp. 530 - 536 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | CEU exam questions research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Oct2006
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=106247440&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 106247440 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 15459624 V1L jtl: Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene issn: 15459624 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Oct2006 vid: 3 iid: 10 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 106247440 2009298748 10.1080/15459620600909708 NLM16998985 106247440 ppf: 530 ppct: 6 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Diacetyl emissions and airborne dust from butter flavorings used in microwave popcorn production. aug: au: Boylstein R Piacitelli C Grote A Kanwal R Kullman G Kreiss K affil: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. zig1@cdc.gov sug: subj: Air Pollutants, Occupational Analysis Dust Analysis Flavoring Agents Analysis Food Handling Standards Ketones Analysis Occupational Exposure Standards Air Pollutants, Occupational Butter Chromatography, Gas Comparative Studies Education, Continuing (Credit) Microwaves Particle Size Human ab: In microwave popcorn workers, exposure to butter flavorings has been associated with fixed obstructive lung disease resembling bronchiolitis obliterans. Inhalation toxicology studies have shown severe respiratory effects in rats exposed to vapors from a paste butter flavoring, and to diacetyl, a diketone found in most butter flavorings. To gain a better understanding of worker exposures, we assessed diacetyl emissions and airborne dust levels from butter flavorings used by several microwave popcorn manufacturing companies. We heated bulk samples of 40 different butter flavorings (liquids, pastes, and powders) to approximately 50 degrees C and used gas chromatography, with a mass selective detector, to measure the relative abundance of volatile organic compounds emitted. Air sampling was conducted for diacetyl and for total and respirable dust during the mixing of powder, liquid, or paste flavorings with heated soybean oil at a microwave popcorn plant. To further examine the potential for respiratory exposures to powders, we measured dust generated during different simulated methods of manual handling of several powder butter flavorings. Powder flavorings were found to give off much lower diacetyl emissions than pastes or liquids. The mean diacetyl emissions from liquids and pastes were 64 and 26 times larger, respectively, than the mean of diacetyl emissions from powders. The median diacetyl emissions from liquids and pastes were 364 and 72 times larger, respectively, than the median of diacetyl emissions from powders. Fourteen of 16 powders had diacetyl emissions that were lower than the diacetyl emissions from any liquid flavoring and from most paste flavorings. However, simulated handling of powder flavorings showed that a substantial amount of the airborne dust generated was of respirable size and could thus pose its own respiratory hazard. Companies that use butter flavorings should consider substituting flavorings with lower diacetyl emissions and the use of ventilation and enclosure engineering controls to minimize exposures. Until controls are fully implemented, companies should institute mandatory respiratory protection for all exposed workers. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: CEU exam questions research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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