Implicit learning in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The ability to use perceptual cues within the environment to guide movement accurately can be acquired implicitly in that skill may increase while the learner is not consciously aware of what cues are being used. In this study, the implicit learning capabilities of children with and witho...

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Published in:American Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol. 56; no. 4; pp. 429 - 436
Main Authors: Candler C, Meeuwsen H
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: American Occupational Therapy Association Jul/Aug2002
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul/Aug2002
      vid: 56
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      pub: American Occupational Therapy Association
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        atl: Implicit learning in children with and without developmental coordination disorder.
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          Candler C
          Meeuwsen H
        affil: Assistant Professor, Texas Women's University, School of Occupational Therapy, 8194 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas, Texas 75231, Ccandler@twu.edu
      sug:
        subj:
          Motor Skills Disorders Psychosocial Factors
          Children with Disabilities Psychosocial Factors
          Psychomotor Performance In Infancy and Childhood
          Learning In Infancy and Childhood
          Activities of Daily Living In Infancy and Childhood
          Motor Skills Disorders Rehabilitation
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Cognition In Infancy and Childhood
          Comparative Studies
          Pediatric Occupational Therapy
          Play and Playthings
          United States
          Cues
          Analysis of Variance
          P-Value
          Child
          Male
          Female
          Human
          Child: 6-12 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: OBJECTIVE: The ability to use perceptual cues within the environment to guide movement accurately can be acquired implicitly in that skill may increase while the learner is not consciously aware of what cues are being used. In this study, the implicit learning capabilities of children with and without developmental coordination disorder were compared. METHOD: Twenty-two children (11 with developmental coordination disorder, 11 without the disorder) played a computer game where they 'caught' a descending ball image with a paddle on the screen. The dependent variable was accuracy of catch, as measured by the score on the computer game. On training trials, a visual cue appeared 50% of the time that signaled the direction of the ball. On probe trials, the visual cue was false. After completing the task, the children were interviewed about their conscious awareness of the cue. A mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data for group comparisons. RESULTS: Of the 22 children, only 6 indicated that they were aware of the cue. A mixed factorial ANOVA was significant for greater error when the visual cue was false, F(11.12, 22.49) = 27.27, p = .000, indicating that the children responded to the cue. No difference was found between groups in game performance. CONCLUSION: Children with developmental coordination disorder in this study were able to implicitly recognize and use a perceptual cue to enhance their performance on a computer game. Strategies that foster implicit learning may be relevant to occupational therapy intervention.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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