Clinical forum. A new look at performance on theory-of-mind tasks by adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Purpose: A hallmark of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is disruption in theory-of-mind development, including the understanding of false beliefs. Previous studies have typically assessed the development of first- and second-order false belief concepts in ASD, with tasks primarily emphasizing physic...

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Publicado en:Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 236 - 262
Autores principales: Silliman ER, Diehl SF, Bahr RH, Hnath-Chisolm T, Zenko CB, Friedman SA
Formato: CEU exam questions pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Jul2003
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2003
      vid: 34
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
      place: Rockville, Maryland
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        106877563
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        2003136757
        10.1044/0161-1461(2003/020)
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        atl: Clinical forum. A new look at performance on theory-of-mind tasks by adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
      aug:
        au:
          Silliman ER
          Diehl SF
          Bahr RH
          Hnath-Chisolm T
          Zenko CB
          Friedman SA
        affil: Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, PCD1017, Tampa, FL 33620-8100; silliman@chuma1.cas.usf.edu
      sug:
        subj:
          Autism Spectrum Disorder In Adolescence
          Cognition In Adolescence
          Deception
          Adolescence
          Analysis of Variance
          Case Control Studies
          Child
          Descriptive Statistics
          Education, Continuing (Credit)
          Female
          kappa Statistic
          Language Tests
          Male
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Questionnaires
          Repeated Measures
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Human
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Female
          Male
      ab: Purpose: A hallmark of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is disruption in theory-of-mind development, including the understanding of false beliefs. Previous studies have typically assessed the development of first- and second-order false belief concepts in ASD, with tasks primarily emphasizing physical causality and logical inferencing. The present study investigated how preadolescents and adolescents with ASD performed on false belief tasks that included social inferencing of psychological states as well as logical inferencing of physical states.Method: Two categories of tasks were administered: four traditional logical inferencing tasks and four social inferencing tasks specifically developed for this study. In addition, a prompt hierarchy was included to ascertain if performance on both task types improved. Participants were 45 children and adolescents primarily selected from three urban school districts: 15 adolescents with a previous diagnosis of ASD (ASD group); 15 typically developing children matched for age, gender, and ethnicity (CA group); and 15 typically developing children matched for language age, gender, and ethnicity (LA group).Results: Three findings were pertinent. First, the CA group performed at higher levels than did the LA group and the ASD group on both task sets. Second, although the CA and the LA groups performed equally well on both the logical and the social inferencing tasks, the ASD group performed better on the social inferencing tasks. Finally, the prompt hierarchy significantly improved overall task performance for the ASD and LA groups.Clinical Implications: These findings indicate that task type, variations in vocabulary ability, and the provision of support influenced performance on the false belief tasks.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        CEU
        exam questions
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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