Salivary concentrations of urea released from a chewing gum containing urea and how these affect the urea content of gel-stabilized plaques and their pH after exposure to sucrose.

The objectives were to: (1) determine the salivary concentrations of urea during 20 min chewing of a sugar-free gum containing 30 mg of urea; (2) measure the degree to which this urea would diffuse into a gel-stabilized plaque; (3) study the effect of the urea on the fall and subsequent rise in pH (...

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Publicado en:Caries Research Vol. 35; no. 5; pp. 344 - 354
Autores principales: Dawes C, Dibdin GH, Dawes, C, Dibdin, G H
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Karger AG Sep/Oct2001
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Caries Research
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      dt: Sep/Oct2001
      vid: 35
      iid: 5
      pid: 2485
      pub: Karger AG
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        10.1159/000047473
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        atl: Salivary concentrations of urea released from a chewing gum containing urea and how these affect the urea content of gel-stabilized plaques and their pH after exposure to sucrose.
      aug:
        au:
          Dawes C
          Dibdin GH
          Dawes, C
          Dibdin, G H
        affil: Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man., Canada
      sug:
        subj:
          Saliva Analysis
          Urea Analysis
          Chewing Gum Analysis
          Dental Plaque
          Cariogenic Agents Pharmacodynamics
          Sucrose Pharmacodynamics
          Funding Source
          Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
          Streptococcus
          Computer Simulation
          Algorithms
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Models, Biological
          Time Factors
          Urease Metabolism
          Evaluation Research
          Specimen Handling
          Descriptive Statistics
          Human
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: The objectives were to: (1) determine the salivary concentrations of urea during 20 min chewing of a sugar-free gum containing 30 mg of urea; (2) measure the degree to which this urea would diffuse into a gel-stabilized plaque; (3) study the effect of the urea on the fall and subsequent rise in pH (Stephan curve) on exposure to 10% sucrose for 1 min; (4) model the measurements 2 and 3 mathematically. In point 1, the salivary urea concentration of the 12 subjects peaked at 47 mmol/l in the first 2 min of gum chewing, falling within 15 min to the unstimulated salivary concentration of 3.4 mmol/l. Recovery of urea from the saliva averaged 81.5%. 'Plaques' of 1% agarose or 67% dead bacteria in agarose accumulated urea from the saliva roughly as expected, whereas those plaques containing 8% live and 59% dead Streptococcus vestibularis showed negligible accumulation. Computer modelling showed this difference to be due to urease of live bacteria breaking down the urea as rapidly as it entered the plaque. Simulation of the effect of gum chewing subsequent to initiation of a Stephan curve in the latter type of plaque showed a rapid rise in pH but then a fall again on return to unstimulated conditions. This fall had not been seen in previous studies, with Streptococcus oralis, nor was it predicted by the computer modelling. Neither experimental simulation nor computer modelling suggested that chewing urea-containing gum before exposure to sucrose would have any effect on a subsequent Stephan curve. Thus chewing gum is only likely to inhibit caries when it is chewed after consumption of fermentable carbohydrate, rather than before.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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