Training Alters the Resolution of Lexical Interference: Evidence for Plasticity of Competition and Inhibition.

Language learning is generally described as a problem of acquiring new information (e.g., new words). However, equally important are changes in how the system processes known information. For example, a wealth of studies has suggested dramatic changes over development in how efficiently children rec...

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Publicado en:Journal of Experimental Psychology. General Vol. 145; no. 1; pp. 8 - 31
Autores principales: Kapnoula, Efthymia C., McMurray, Bob
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: American Psychological Association Jan2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan2016
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      pub: American Psychological Association
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        10.1037/xge0000123
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        atl: Training Alters the Resolution of Lexical Interference: Evidence for Plasticity of Competition and Inhibition.
      aug:
        au:
          Kapnoula, Efthymia C.
          McMurray, Bob
        affil: University of Iowa
      su:
        Language acquisition
        Neuroplasticity
        Word recognition
      sug:
        subj:
          Language acquisition
          Neuroplasticity
          Word recognition
      keyword:
        competition
        eye movements
        lateral inhibition
        plasticity
        spoken word recognition
        competition
        eye movements
        lateral inhibition
        plasticity
        spoken word recognition
      ab: Language learning is generally described as a problem of acquiring new information (e.g., new words). However, equally important are changes in how the system processes known information. For example, a wealth of studies has suggested dramatic changes over development in how efficiently children recognize familiar words, but it is unknown what kind of experience-dependent mechanisms of plasticity give rise to such changes in real-time processing. We examined the plasticity of the language processing system by testing whether a fundamental aspect of spoken word recognition, lexical interference, can be altered by experience. Adult participants were trained on a set of familiar words over a series of 4 tasks. In the high-competition (HC) condition, tasks were designed to encourage coactivation of similar words (e.g., net and neck) and to require listeners to resolve this competition. Tasks were similar in the low-competition (LC) condition, but did not enhance this competition. Immediately after training, interlexical interference was tested using a visual world paradigm task. Participants in the HC group resolved interference to a fuller degree than those in the LC group, demonstrating that experience can shape the way competition between words is resolved. TRACE simulations showed that the observed late differences in the pattern of interference resolution can be attributed to differences in the strength of lexical inhibition. These findings inform cognitive models in many domains that involve competition/ interference processes, and suggest an experience-dependent mechanism of plasticity that may underlie longer term changes in processing efficiency associated with both typical and atypical development.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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