An associative account of the development of word learning.

Word learning is a notoriously difficult induction problem because meaning is underdetermined by positive examples. How do children solve this problem? Some have argued that word learning is achieved by means of inference: young word learners rely on a number of assumptions that reduce the overall h...

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Publicado en:Cognitive Psychology Vol. 97; pp. 1 - 31
Autores principales: Sloutsky, Vladimir M., Yim, Hyungwook, Yao, Xin, Dennis, Simon
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Academic Press Inc. Sep2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2017
      vid: 97
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      pub: Academic Press Inc.
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        124630275
        10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.06.001
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        atl: An associative account of the development of word learning.
      aug:
        au:
          Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
          Yim, Hyungwook
          Yao, Xin
          Dennis, Simon
        affil:
          Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, United States
          Unilever Corporation, Shanghai, China
          School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia
      su:
        Language awareness in children
        Cognitive psychology
        Associative learning
        Psychology of learning
        Associative memory (Psychology)
      sug:
        subj:
          Language awareness in children
          Cognitive psychology
          Associative learning
          Psychology of learning
          Associative memory (Psychology)
      keyword:
        Cognitive development
        Semantic development
        Word learning
        Cognitive development
        Semantic development
        Word learning
      ab: Word learning is a notoriously difficult induction problem because meaning is underdetermined by positive examples. How do children solve this problem? Some have argued that word learning is achieved by means of inference: young word learners rely on a number of assumptions that reduce the overall hypothesis space by favoring some meanings over others. However, these approaches have difficulty explaining how words are learned from conversations or text, without pointing or explicit instruction. In this research, we propose an associative mechanism that can account for such learning. In a series of experiments, 4-year-olds and adults were presented with sets of words that included a single nonsense word (e.g. dax). Some lists were taxonomic (i.,e., all items were members of a given category), some were associative (i.e., all items were associates of a given category, but not members), and some were mixed. Participants were asked to indicate whether the nonsense word was an animal or an artifact. Adults exhibited evidence of learning when lists consisted of either associatively or taxonomically related items. In contrast, children exhibited evidence of word learning only when lists consisted of associatively related items. These results present challenges to several extant models of word learning, and a new model based on the distinction between syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations is proposed.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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