| Sumario: | BACKGROUND: Virtual reality technology allows neuropsychologists to examine complex, real-world behaviors with high ecological validity and can provide an understanding of the impact of demanding dual-tasks on driving performance. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a task imposing high cognitive and physical demands (coin-sorting) would result in the greatest reduction in driving maintenance performance. METHODS: Twenty participants with acquired brain injury and 28 healthy controls were included in the current study. All participants were licensed and drove regularly. Participants completed two standardized VRDS drives: (1) a baseline drive with no distractions, and (2) the same route with three, counterbalanced dual-tasks representing differing demands. RESULTS: A series of 3 (Task)×2 (Group) ANOVAs revealed that the ABI group tended to go slower than the HC group in the presence of a dual-task, <italic>F</italic> (1, 111) = 6.24, <italic>p</italic> = 0.01. Importantly, the ABI group also showed greater variability in speed, <italic>F</italic> (1, 110) = 10.97, <italic>p</italic> < 0.01, and lane position, <italic>F</italic> (1, 108) = 7.81, <italic>p</italic> < 0.01, an effect driven by dual-tasks with both a cognitive and motor demand. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that long-term driving difficulties following ABI are subtle and likely due to reduced cognitive resources.
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