Psychiatry in the sorting of schoolchildren in Scandinavia 1920–1950: IQ testing, child guidance clinics, and hospitalisation.

This article explores the role of psychiatry in the sorting of schoolchildren in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from 1920 to 1950. Whereas the role and rise of educational psychology and IQ-testing in the differentiation processes in schooling have been examined through earlier research, the role of ps...

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Publicado en:Paedagogica Historica Vol. 55; no. 3; pp. 391 - 416
Autores principales: Hamre, Bjørn, Axelsson, Thom, Ludvigsen, Kari
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jun2019
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Psychiatry in the sorting of schoolchildren in Scandinavia 1920–1950: IQ testing, child guidance clinics, and hospitalisation.
      aug:
        au:
          Hamre, Bjørn
          Axelsson, Thom
          Ludvigsen, Kari
        affil:
          Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
          Faculty of Education and Society, Malmö University, Malmo, Sweden
          Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
      su:
        Intelligence testing in children
        History of psychiatry
        Categorization (Psychology)
        Educational psychology
        Child guidance clinics
        Education
        Hospital care of children
        Scandinavian history
        School children
        Primary education
        Twentieth century
        Scandinavia
      sug:
        subj:
          Scandinavia
          Intelligence testing in children
          History of psychiatry
          Categorization (Psychology)
          Educational psychology
          Child guidance clinics
          Education
          Hospital care of children
          Scandinavian history
          School children
          Primary education
          Twentieth century
      keyword:
        biopolitics
        educational psychologists
        Educational testing
        interprofessional collaboration
        IQ-testing
        mental health
        psychiatrists
      ab: This article explores the role of psychiatry in the sorting of schoolchildren in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from 1920 to 1950. Whereas the role and rise of educational psychology and IQ-testing in the differentiation processes in schooling have been examined through earlier research, the role of psychiatry in the interprofessional collaboration has so far been largely unexplored when it comes to the Scandinavian case. In line with Michel Foucault, the article regards these professional efforts as part of the biopolitics, where psychiatry amongst other disciplines engaged in the development of means to involve strategically in the life of schoolchildren and their families, as part of shaping the future of the population. We argue that psychiatric sorting activities related to schoolchildren did not solely take place through IQ-testing in schools, but involved classification of children through a range of measures in various settings. We further argue that these processes took place due to local agents and initiatives in a broader context of interprofessional collaborations between psychiatrists, psychologists, and teachers, rather than top–down processes initiated by the state. The analysis in the article draws on different sources of the period: journals, articles, and monographs from the key-agents of the period.
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      src: R
    language: English
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