Understanding, Educating, and Supporting Children With Specific Learning Disabilities: 50 Years of Science and Practice.

Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are highly relevant to the science and practice of psychology, both historically and currently, exemplifying the integration of interdisciplinary approaches to human conditions. They can be manifested as primary conditions—as difficulties in acquiring specific a...

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Published in:American Psychologist Vol. 75; no. 1; pp. 37 - 52
Main Authors: Grigorenko, Elena L., Compton, Donald L., Fuchs, Lynn S., Wagner, Richard K., Willcutt, Erik G., Fletcher, Jack M.
Format: Article
Published: American Psychological Association Jan2020
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: Understanding, Educating, and Supporting Children With Specific Learning Disabilities: 50 Years of Science and Practice.
      aug:
        au:
          Grigorenko, Elena L.
          Compton, Donald L.
          Fuchs, Lynn S.
          Wagner, Richard K.
          Willcutt, Erik G.
          Fletcher, Jack M.
        affil:
          Department of Psychology, University of Houston, and Department of Molecular & Human Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
          Department of Psychology, Florida State University
          Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University
          Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Boulder
          Department of Psychology, University of Houston
      su:
        United States
        Diagnosis of learning disabilities
        Treatment of learning disabilities
        Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
        Learning disabilities
        Psychology
        Social support
        Children
        Neurosciences
        Comorbidity
        United States. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
        Educational outcomes
      sug:
        subj:
          Diagnosis of learning disabilities
          Treatment of learning disabilities
          Risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
          Learning disabilities
          Psychology
          Social support
          Children
          United States
          Other Individual and Family Services
          Neurosciences
          Comorbidity
          United States. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
          Educational outcomes
      keyword:
        etiology
        identification
        Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
        response to intervention
        specific learning disabilities
        etiology
        identification
        Individuals With Disabilities Education Act
        response to intervention
        specific learning disabilities
      ab: Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) are highly relevant to the science and practice of psychology, both historically and currently, exemplifying the integration of interdisciplinary approaches to human conditions. They can be manifested as primary conditions—as difficulties in acquiring specific academic skills—or as secondary conditions, comorbid to other developmental disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this synthesis of historical and contemporary trends in research and practice, we mark the 50th anniversary of the recognition of SLDs as a disability in the United States. Specifically, we address the manifestations, occurrence, identification, comorbidity, etiology, and treatment of SLDs, emphasizing the integration of information from the interdisciplinary fields of psychology, education, psychiatry, genetics, and cognitive neuroscience. SLDs, exemplified here by specific word reading, reading comprehension, mathematics, and written expression disabilities, represent spectrum disorders, each occurring in approximately 5% to 15% of the school-aged population. In addition to risk for academic deficiencies and related functional social, emotional, and behavioral difficulties, those with SLDs often have poorer long-term social and vocational outcomes. Given the high rate of occurrence of SLDs and their lifelong negative impact on functioning if not treated, it is important to establish and maintain effective prevention, surveillance, and treatment systems involving professionals from various disciplines trained to minimize the risk and maximize the protective factors for SLDs.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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