| Sumario: | To compare the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and task performance during single- and dual-task conditions between typically developing (TD) children and children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). A prospective, comparative design. Research laboratory. Participants (N=21) included 12 TD children (age, 6.0±1.1y) and 9 children with HCP (age, 7.2±3.1). Not applicable. PFC activation was assessed by measuring the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin while the children performed a shape-matching task with their more affected arm while sitting on a stable (single task) vs dynamic surface (dual task). The task performance was assessed with the total number of shapes matched, dual-task cost, and reaction time (RT). For both conditions, the children with HCP exhibited greater PFC activation, matched a fewer shapes, and had slower RT than the TD children. These differences were accentuated during the dual-task condition and the dual-task cost was greater. An increase in the PFC activation during the dual-task condition was tightly correlated with a higher dual-task cost in children with HCP (r =0.77, P =.01). Children with HCP appear to have a heightened amount of PFC activity while performing a dual task. The greater cortical activity may be a result of the finite attentional resources that are shared between both the motor as well as cognitive demands of the task. The cognitive-motor interference is likely exacerbated in children with HCP because of the structural and functional brain changes as a result of an insult to the developing brain. • This is the first study that assessed the neural substrate of cognitive-motor interference during goal-directed upper extremity dual-task in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). • Children with HCP have greater activation within the prefrontal cortex while performing goal-directed dual task with the affected upper extremity, which indicates a greater degree of burden imposed on the prefrontal cortex for simultaneously processing the cognitive-motor demands of dual task. • Cognitive-motor interference deteriorates task performance, such as resulting increase in reaction time and reduced number of shapes matched in children with HCP.
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