Effectiveness of Different Training and Testing Parameters on the Formation and Maintenance of Equivalence Classes: Investigating Prejudiced Racial Attitudes.

This study aimed to verify the role of three parameters on the formation of equivalence classes between Black faces and a positive symbol, in children who demonstrated negative bias toward Black faces in a pretest. Maintenance was also verified 6 weeks after equivalence tests. Forty-six children (11...

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Published in:Psychological Record Vol. 71; no. 2; pp. 265 - 278
Main Authors: Mizael, Táhcita M., de Almeida, João H., Roche, Bryan, de Rose, Julio C.
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Jun2021
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2021
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s40732-020-00435-w
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        atl: Effectiveness of Different Training and Testing Parameters on the Formation and Maintenance of Equivalence Classes: Investigating Prejudiced Racial Attitudes.
      aug:
        au:
          Mizael, Táhcita M.
          de Almeida, João H.
          Roche, Bryan
          de Rose, Julio C.
        affil:
          Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
          National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
      su:
        Racial & ethnic attitudes
        Racism
        Prejudices
        Black people
        Girls
        Symmetry groups
        Control groups
      sug:
        subj:
          Racial & ethnic attitudes
          Racism
          Prejudices
          Black people
          Girls
          Symmetry groups
          Control groups
      keyword:
        Maintenance of equivalence classes
        Racial bias
        Racial prejudice
        Stimulus equivalence
        Training and testing parameters
        Maintenance of equivalence classes
        Racial bias
        Racial prejudice
        Stimulus equivalence
        Training and testing parameters
      ab: This study aimed to verify the role of three parameters on the formation of equivalence classes between Black faces and a positive symbol, in children who demonstrated negative bias toward Black faces in a pretest. Maintenance was also verified 6 weeks after equivalence tests. Forty-six children (11 Black; 27 girls) who demonstrated racial bias in a pretest were divided into four groups. All groups first learned AB relations (A1 and A2 were, respectively, a positive and a negative symbol, and B were abstract stimuli) and then BC relations (C1 was a Black face and C2 was an abstract stimulus). The Control Group then advanced immediately to equivalence tests (AC, and CA, without differential consequences). For the Mixed Training Group, a block of trials mixing AB and BC relations, with differential consequences, preceded equivalence tests. For the Feedback Reduction Group, equivalence tests were preceded by a trial block mixing AB and BC relations, but with feedback in 50% of trials. The Symmetry Group received symmetry tests after training of each baseline relation. Thirty-three children showed class formation relating Black faces and the positive symbol, and 27 maintained at least one of the equivalence relations after 6 weeks. Average biases toward Black faces were positive in a posttest, for participants who formed equivalence classes, and remained negative for those that did not form classes. The Control Group showed less pronounced bias reduction and maintenance of relations after 6 weeks, suggesting that these outcomes may be affected by training parameters.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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