Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test.

Purpose: Variations in specific oral processing behaviours may contribute to differences in glucose, insulin and satiety responses to a standardised test meal. This study tested how natural variations in oral processing between slower and faster eaters contribute to differences in post-prandial gluc...

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Published in:European Journal of Nutrition Vol. 60; no. 5; pp. 2719 - 2734
Main Authors: Goh, Ai Ting, Choy, Jie Ying Michelle, Chua, Xin Hui, Ponnalagu, Shalini, Khoo, Chin Meng, Whitton, Clare, van Dam, Rob Martinus, Forde, Ciarán Gerard
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Aug2021
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      jtl: European Journal of Nutrition
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      dt: Aug2021
      vid: 60
      iid: 5
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00394-020-02466-z
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        atl: Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test.
      aug:
        au:
          Goh, Ai Ting
          Choy, Jie Ying Michelle
          Chua, Xin Hui
          Ponnalagu, Shalini
          Khoo, Chin Meng
          Whitton, Clare
          van Dam, Rob Martinus
          Forde, Ciarán Gerard
        affil: Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117599, Singapore, Singapore
      sug:
        subj:
          Postprandial Period
          Eating Behavior Evaluation
          Blood Glucose
          Insulin
          Satiation
          Meals
          Human
          Descriptive Statistics
          Videorecording
          Questionnaires
          Glucose Metabolism
          Funding Source
      ab: Purpose: Variations in specific oral processing behaviours may contribute to differences in glucose, insulin and satiety responses to a standardised test meal. This study tested how natural variations in oral processing between slower and faster eaters contribute to differences in post-prandial glucose (PP glucose), insulin response (PP insulin) and post-meal satiety for a standardised test meal. Methods: Thirty-three participants with higher risk for type 2 diabetes consumed a standardised test-meal while being video recorded to derive specific oral processing behaviours. Plasma glucose, insulin and satiety measures were collected at baseline, during and post meal. Participants were split into slower and faster eaters using median split based on their eating rates and individual bolus properties were analysed at the point of swallow. Results: There were large variations in eating rate (p < 0.001). While there was no significant difference in PP glucose response (p > 0.05), slower eaters showed significantly higher PP insulin between 45 and 60 min (p < 0.001). Slower eaters had longer oro-sensory exposure and increased bolus saliva uptake which was associated with higher PP glucose iAUC. Faster eating rate and larger bolus particle size at swallow correlated with lower PP glucose iAUC. A slower eating rate with greater chews per bite significantly increased insulin iAUC. Faster eaters also consistently rated their hunger and desire to eat higher than slower eaters (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Natural variations in eating rate and the associated oral processing contributed to differences in PP glucose, PP insulin and satiety responses. Encouraging increased chewing and longer oral-exposure time during consumption, may promote early glucose absorption and greater insulin and satiety responses, and help support euglycaemia. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04522063.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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