Individual differences in task-unrelated thought in university classrooms.

This study investigated what academic traits, attitudes, and habits predict individual differences in task-unrelated thought (TUT) during lectures, and whether this TUT propensity mediates associations between academic individual differences and course outcomes (final grade and situational interest...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 49; no. 6; pp. 1247 - 1267
Main Authors: Kane, Michael J., Carruth, Nicholas P., Lurquin, John H., Silvia, Paul J., Smeekens, Bridget A., von Bastian, Claudia C., Miyake, Akira
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Aug2021
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2021
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.3758/s13421-021-01156-3
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        atl: Individual differences in task-unrelated thought in university classrooms.
      aug:
        au:
          Kane, Michael J.
          Carruth, Nicholas P.
          Lurquin, John H.
          Silvia, Paul J.
          Smeekens, Bridget A.
          von Bastian, Claudia C.
          Miyake, Akira
        affil:
          Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, 27402-6170, Greensboro, NC, USA
          Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 345 UCB, 80309-0345, Boulder, CO, USA
          Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
      su:
        Personality
        Task performance
        Undergraduates
        Student attitudes
        Human multitasking
        Descriptive statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Personality
          Task performance
          Undergraduates
          Student attitudes
          Human multitasking
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        Education
        Interest
        Learning
        Mind-wandering
        Multitasking
        Education
        Interest
        Learning
        Mind-wandering
        Multitasking
      ab: This study investigated what academic traits, attitudes, and habits predict individual differences in task-unrelated thought (TUT) during lectures, and whether this TUT propensity mediates associations between academic individual differences and course outcomes (final grade and situational interest evoked by material). Undergraduates (N = 851) from ten psychology classes at two US universities responded to thought probes presented during two early-course lectures; they also indicated sitting in the front, middle, or back of the classroom. At each probe, students categorized their thought content, such as indicating on-task thought or TUT. Students also completed online, academic-self-report questionnaires at the beginning of the course and a situational interest questionnaire at the end. Average TUT rate was 24% but individuals' rates varied widely (SD = 18%). TUT rates also increased substantially from the front to back of the classroom, and modestly from the first to second half of class periods. Multiple-group analyses (with ten classroom groups) indicated that: (a) classroom media-multitasking habits, initial interest in the course topic, and everyday propensity for mind-wandering and boredom accounted for unique variance in TUT rate (beyond other predictors); (b) TUT rate accounted for unique (modest) variance in course grades and situational interest; and (c) classroom media multitasking and propensity for mind-wandering and boredom had indirect associations with course grades via TUT rate, and these predictor variables, along with initial interest, had indirect associations with end-of-term situational interest via TUT rate. Some academic traits and behaviors predict course outcomes in part because they predict off-task thought during class.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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