Smartphone addiction is associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, tension, confusion, and insomnia: A cross-sectional and comparative study with physically and non-physically active adults in self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Introduction. During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, social media exposure and the use of electronic devices have increased; still, these behaviors may cause adverse health effects. Objective. This study assessed sleep quality, insomnia, mood, and psychological aspects among physi...
| Published in: | Salud Mental Vol. 44; no. 4; pp. 193 - 201 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente
Jul/Aug2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| Summary: | Introduction. During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, social media exposure and the use of electronic devices have increased; still, these behaviors may cause adverse health effects. Objective. This study assessed sleep quality, insomnia, mood, and psychological aspects among physically (n = 46) and non-physically (n = 53) active individuals during self-isolation throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and examined their association with smartphone addiction. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Brazilian citizens in self-isolation for at least 60 days; ninety-nine volunteers from different Brazilian regions were enrolled in the online survey. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version were used to assess the study outcomes. Results. The results indicate moderate and large correlations of smartphone addiction with mood subscales, insomnia (r = .52), anxiety (r = .49), depression (r = .49), and stress (r = .49) symptoms. Also, it was observed that physically active participants were less addicted to smartphones than the non-physically active during self-isolation (p < .01) and that the physically active ones had a better mood and lower anxiety (p = .02), depression (p < .01) and insomnia (p < .01) levels. Discussion and conclusion. These findings show the health implications of self-isolation and how essential it is to be physically active to avoid self-isolationʼs adverse psychological effects. Introducción. Durante el brote de la nueva enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), la exposición a los medios sociales y el uso de dispositivos electrónicos han aumentado; sin embargo, estos comportamientos pueden causar efectos adversos en la salud. Objetivo. Este estudio evaluó la calidad del sueño, el insomnio, el estado de ánimo y los aspectos psicológicos entre los individuos activos físicos (n = 46) y no físicos (n = 53) durante el autoaislamiento debido a la pandemia COVID-19 y examinó su asociación con la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes. Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal entre ciudadanos brasileños adultos en autoaislamiento durante al menos 60 días; noventa y nueve voluntarios de diferentes regiones brasileñas se inscribieron en la encuesta en línea. La Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Brunel Mood Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version se utilizaron para evaluar los resultados del estudio. Resultados. Los resultados indican correlaciones moderadas y mayores en la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes con subescalas de humor, insomnio (r = .52), síntomas ansiedad (r = .49), depresión (r = .49) y estrés (r = .49). Además, se observó que los participantes físicamente activos eran menos adictos a los teléfonos inteligentes que los no activos durante el autoaislamiento (p = .01) y que los físicamente activos tenían un mejor estado de ánimo y menores niveles de ansiedad (p = .02), depresión (p = .01) e insomnio (p = .01). Discusión y conclusión. Estos hallazgos muestran las implicaciones para la salud del autoaislamiento y lo esencial que es ser físicamente activo para evitar los efectos psicológicos adversos del autoaislamiento. |
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