| Sumario: | Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare cognitive avoidance in patients with OUDs and a control group. Methods: This study is a case-control study. The selected population includes all the patients with OUDs and control group visiting Farabi Hospital of Kermanshah in western Iran in 2018 for treatment. From this population, 202 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. The required data were collected using the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ) and the data were analyzed using logistic analysis. Results: The majority of the individuals under study were in the age range of 26-35 years (48.5%), male (92.6%), with a secondary school education (80.6%), unemployed (55.4%), and single (59.9%). Moreover, the results of the logistic analysis show that the total score of cognitive avoidance among patients with OUDs, 7.50 (1.34 – 13.66), was higher than that of control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings from the current study indicate the high prevalence of cognitive avoidance among patients with OUDs, which shows that this component must be considered while attempting to prevent and treat OUDs.
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