Environmental enrichment and intellectual disability: Systematic review of neurocognitive effects in children and adolescents.
Environmental enrichment is a contextual combination of stimuli that facilitate sensory, motor, cognitive, and socioemotional skills. This neuroscientific paradigm enhances experience-dependent neural plasticity, validating it as an intervention model applicable to the educational and neuropsychiatr...
| Published in: | Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 34 - 44 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Academia Mexicana de Neurologia
Jan/Feb2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| Summary: | Environmental enrichment is a contextual combination of stimuli that facilitate sensory, motor, cognitive, and socioemotional skills. This neuroscientific paradigm enhances experience-dependent neural plasticity, validating it as an intervention model applicable to the educational and neuropsychiatric area in users with intellectual disabilities. The aim is to characterize the neurocognitive effects of environmental enrichment interventions in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. A systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. The search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and PubMed databases between 2000 and 2020. Seven studies were selected. Improvements in self-determination, intellectual capacity, social cognition, speech coherence, motor skills, and behavioral regulation were evidenced. The design and execution of the selected protocols are heterogeneous. The application of environmental enrichment protocols in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities leads to a positive impact on neurocognitive variables. El enriquecimiento ambiental es una combinación contextual de estímulos que facilitan las habilidades sensoriales, motoras, cognitivas y socioemocionales. Este paradigma neurocientífico potencia la plasticidad neuronal dependiente de la experiencia, validándola como modelo de intervención aplicable al área educativa y neuropsiquiátrica en usuarios con discapacidad intelectual. El objetivo fue caracterizar los efectos neurocognitivos de las intervenciones de enriquecimiento ambiental en niños y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con los lineamientos de la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost y PubMed entre 2000 y 2020. Se seleccionaron siete estudios. Se evidenciaron mejoras en la autodeterminación, la capacidad intelectual, la cognición social, la coherencia del habla, las habilidades motoras y la regulación del comportamiento. El diseño y ejecución de los protocolos seleccionados son heterogéneos. La aplicación de protocolos de enriquecimiento ambiental en niños y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual conlleva un impacto positivo en las variables neurocognitivas. |
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