Facilitating learning in immersive virtual reality: Segmentation, summarizing, both or none?

Introduction: This study investigates the effectiveness of the segmentation principle from the cognitive theory of multimedia learning as well as the effectiveness of the generative learning strategy of summarization in immersive virtual reality (IVR) within a sample of preadolescents. Although prev...

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Published in:Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Vol. 39; no. 1; pp. 218 - 231
Main Authors: Klingenberg, Sara, Fischer, Rachel, Zettler, Ingo, Makransky, Guido
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Feb2023
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2023
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
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        10.1111/jcal.12741
        161311242
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        atl: Facilitating learning in immersive virtual reality: Segmentation, summarizing, both or none?
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        au:
          Klingenberg, Sara
          Fischer, Rachel
          Zettler, Ingo
          Makransky, Guido
        affil: Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
      sug:
        subj:
          Virtual Reality Methods
          Learning Methods
          Computer Simulation
          Online Education
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child
          Adolescence
          Students, Middle School
          Denmark
          Power Analysis
          Experimental Studies
          Questionnaires
          Pretest-Posttest Design
          Consent (Research)
          Summated Rating Scaling
          Descriptive Statistics
          Comparative Studies
          Sociodemographic Factors
          Analysis of Variance
          Pilot Studies
          Data Analysis Software
          Chi Square Test
          Motivation
          Self Regulation
          Self-Efficacy
          Multimedia
          User-Computer Interface
          Funding Source
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Introduction: This study investigates the effectiveness of the segmentation principle from the cognitive theory of multimedia learning as well as the effectiveness of the generative learning strategy of summarization in immersive virtual reality (IVR) within a sample of preadolescents. Although previous research has supported the effectiveness of these instructional methods in multimedia learning, it remains unclear whether segmentation, summarization or the combination of both are superior to a stand‐alone IVR lesson in facilitating learning. Methods: To address this gap, 190 sixth to seventh grade students learned about the human body in an IVR lesson. Students were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: (a) an IVR lesson divided into four segments (segmentation condition); (b) an IVR lesson, where students summarized after the entire lesson (summarizing condition); (c) an IVR lesson presented in four segments, where students summarized after each segment (combined condition); and (d) an IVR lesson without any manipulation (control condition). Results: Results indicated that, compared to the control condition, adding segmentation or summarization to an IVR lesson leads to better transfer, but not to acquiring more factual knowledge. Combining the two methods did not improve learning. Conclusion: The findings support the evidence that choosing appropriate instructional methods for IVR lessons can foster transfer. Lay Description: What is currently known about the subject matter: The use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) in classroom settings is increasing rapidlyThere are mixed results related to the efficiency of using IVR for learning facts and conceptsFew studies have investigated if efficient instructional design guidelines generalize to IVRFew studies have investigated the efficiency of IVR within a children sample What their paper adds: A class‐room investigation of the value of using different instructional design methods for designing IVR lessons within a children sampleResults indicated that, compared to the control condition, adding segmentation or summarization to an IVR lesson leads to better transferAdding segmentation or summarization did not lead to more factual knowledge Implications of study findings for practitioners: Choosing appropriate instructional methods for IVR lessons can foster transferStudents profit most from IVR lessons when they are given opportunities for refection during or following the immersive experience
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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