Handwriting Quality: Psychometric Properties of Two Evaluation Scales With a Czech Sample.

Importance: Approximately 7% to 30% of children contend with handwriting issues (HIs) in their school years. However, research studies to define and quantify HIs, as well as practical assessment tools, are lacking. Objective: To confirm the validity and reliability of two screening scales for HIs: t...

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Publicado en:American Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol. 77; no. 3; pp. 1 - 16
Autores principales: Čunek, Lukáš, Ondřej, Jan, Blažíčková, Ivana, Pupíková, Veronika, Lacko, David, Prošek, Tomáš, Šafárová, Katarína
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: American Occupational Therapy Association May/Jun2023
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: May/Jun2023
      vid: 77
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      pub: American Occupational Therapy Association
      place: North Bethesda, Maryland
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        10.5014/ajot.2023.050029
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        atl: Handwriting Quality: Psychometric Properties of Two Evaluation Scales With a Czech Sample.
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        au:
          Čunek, Lukáš
          Ondřej, Jan
          Blažíčková, Ivana
          Pupíková, Veronika
          Lacko, David
          Prošek, Tomáš
          Šafárová, Katarína
        affil: Lukáš Čunek, Mgr, is Postgraduate Student, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
      sug:
        subj:
          Handwriting Evaluation
          Students, Elementary
          Scales Evaluation
          Instrument Validation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child
          Czech Republic
          Psychometrics
          Reliability and Validity
          Questionnaires
          Structural Equation Modeling
          Factor Analysis
          Student Attitudes
          Descriptive Statistics
          Chi Square Test
          Mann-Whitney U Test
          T-Tests
          Construct Validity
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Child: 6-12 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Importance: Approximately 7% to 30% of children contend with handwriting issues (HIs) in their school years. However, research studies to define and quantify HIs, as well as practical assessment tools, are lacking. Objective: To confirm the validity and reliability of two screening scales for HIs: the Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS) and the Concise Assessment Scale of Children's Handwriting (BHK). Design: Structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of five different models were used to examine the construct and discriminant validity of both scales. Furthermore, internal consistency and interrater agreement were evaluated. The association among scales, grades, and children's self-evaluation was also explored. Setting: Elementary schools and state counseling centers in the Czech Republic. Participants: On a voluntary basis, 161 children from elementary schools and state counseling centers in the Czech Republic were enrolled. The variable of children with typical handwriting development versus HIs was missing for 11 children. Thus, for discriminant validity analysis, 150 data records from children were used. Outcomes and Measures: The HLS and BHK were used to evaluate the handwriting quality of the transcription task. The Handwriting Proficiency Screening Questionnaires for Children was used for children's self-evaluation. Results: The study confirmed the validity and reliability of the shortened BHK and HLS. A strong relationship was found between the BHK and HLS, grades, and children's self-evaluation. Conclusions and Relevance: Both scales are recommended for occupational therapy practice worldwide. Further research should focus on developing standards and providing sensitivity studies. What This Article Adds: Both the HLS and the BHK are recommended for occupational therapy practice. Practitioners should also take the child's well-being into consideration in handwriting quality assessment. This study confirms the validity and reliability of two screening scales for handwriting issues: the Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS) and the Concise Assessment Scale of Children's Handwriting (BHK), both of which are recommended for occupational therapy practice.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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