Bridging the Gap in the Second Language Classroom: A Guideline of L1 Utilisation.

Utilising first language (L1) in the second language (L2) classroom is a delicate matter amongst language educators and researchers. Despite its rarity in teacher training programs, manuals, or teaching conferences, establishing an L2-only classroom without using L1 can be challenging, particularly...

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Published in:Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 131 - 164
Main Authors: Romli, Noor Hayati, Baki, Roselan
Format: Article
Published: Universiti Putra Malaysia Mar2024
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2024
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          Romli, Noor Hayati
          Baki, Roselan
        affil:
          Center for Research in Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
          Faculty of Education and Liberal Studies, City University Malaysia, 46100 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
      su:
        Second language acquisition
        English as a foreign language
        English language education
        Language teachers
        Teacher training
        Native language
      sug:
        subj:
          Second language acquisition
          English as a foreign language
          English language education
          Language teachers
          Teacher training
          Native language
      keyword:
        Bahasa Melayu
        English
        L1
        L2
        low-proficiency students
        micro-functions of L1
      ab: Utilising first language (L1) in the second language (L2) classroom is a delicate matter amongst language educators and researchers. Despite its rarity in teacher training programs, manuals, or teaching conferences, establishing an L2-only classroom without using L1 can be challenging, particularly when the students and teachers share the same L1. This study explores the utilisation of specific micro-functions of L1 (Bahasa Melayu) in teaching L2 (English) and proposes a guideline for L2 teachers to systematically use L1 in the classroom. The study is guided by relevant aspects of the common underlying proficiency theory, sociocultural theory, affective filter hypothesis, mother tongue as a reference theory, and a combination of L1 frameworks by L2 scholars. Eight teachers from four districts in Pahang, Malaysia, recorded their English lessons and participated in post-lesson interviews. The analysis of the lessons and interviews revealed that most teachers used L1 to help them teach English, especially to low-proficiency students. The study identifies 26 useful micro-functions of L1 that are combined to form the guideline. This reference point is essential for L2 teachers to ensure the appropriate use of L1 in teaching L2.
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    language: English
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      custom: Copyright of Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is the property of Universiti Putra Malaysia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
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