Measuring Saudi Arabian Students' Engagement in Synchronous Online Learning of Chinese as a Foreign Language.

Background: Student engagement has been conceptualised and operationalised in various learning environments. However, there is currently a lack of established scales to measure student engagement in synchronous online learning. One possible reason is the existence of the conceptual and structural am...

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Publicado en:Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 1 - 13
Autores principales: Sun, Peijian Paul, Ren, Zeqi, Zhao, Xian
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Apr2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      issn: 02664909
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      dt: Apr2025
      vid: 41
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        atl: Measuring Saudi Arabian Students' Engagement in Synchronous Online Learning of Chinese as a Foreign Language.
      aug:
        au:
          Sun, Peijian Paul
          Ren, Zeqi
          Zhao, Xian
        affil: Department of Linguistics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
      sug:
        subj:
          Students Psychosocial Factors
          Saudi Arabians Psychosocial Factors
          Online Education
          Learning Methods
          Language
          Student Attitudes Evaluation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Exploratory Research
          Structural Equation Modeling
          Factor Analysis
          Questionnaires
          China
          Adolescence
          Middle Age
          Students, College
          Students, High School
          Students, Medical
          Funding Source
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Student engagement has been conceptualised and operationalised in various learning environments. However, there is currently a lack of established scales to measure student engagement in synchronous online learning. One possible reason is the existence of the conceptual and structural ambiguity regarding student engagement. Objective: With its context situated in Saudi Arabian students' synchronous online learning of Chinese as a foreign language (L2 Chinese), this study attempts to find out the best representation and measure of synchronous online engagement based on four competing statistical modelling methods, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), bi‐factor CFA (B‐CFA) and bi‐factor ESEM (B‐ESEM). Methods: A total of 167 Saudi Arabian students voluntarily participated in this online questionnaire‐based study. A 19‐item online questionnaire was adaptively developed to measure students' engagement in synchronous online learning of L2 Chinese from behavioural, cognitive, affective and social dimensions. CFA, ESEM, B‐CFA and B‐ESEM were employed to determine the optimal structure model for representing students' synchronous online engagement in L2 Chinese learning. Results and Conclusion: The results revealed that the B‐ESEM model was the best structure model for both measuring and accounting for the generality and specificity of students' engagement in synchronous online learning of L2 Chinese. More specifically, student online engagement was found to be a general unity with four distinctive subdimensions including behavioural, cognitive, affective and social engagement. This study not only reconciles the construct inconsistency of student engagement in the literature from the synchronous online learning perspective but also provides an optimal representation for measuring students' synchronous online engagement in L2 learning.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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