Limited Sampling Strategy for Predicting the Area under Plasma Concentration–Time Curve of Nadolol in Healthy Subjects.

Nadolol is a hydrophilic β‐adrenoceptor blocker with a relatively long half‐life and negligible metabolism. It is a substrate of P‐glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2, and may serve as an in vivo probe drug for the assessment of drug–drug and food–drug interactions mediated b...

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Published in:Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 65; no. 5; pp. 621 - 628
Main Authors: Misaka, Shingen, Maejima, Yuko, Shimomura, Kenju
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell May2025
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
      issn: 00912700
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    pubinfo:
      dt: May2025
      vid: 65
      iid: 5
      pid: 480
      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        184800089
        180985300
        184800089
        184800089
        10.1002/jcph.6164
        184800089
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        atl: Limited Sampling Strategy for Predicting the Area under Plasma Concentration–Time Curve of Nadolol in Healthy Subjects.
      aug:
        au:
          Misaka, Shingen
          Maejima, Yuko
          Shimomura, Kenju
        affil: Department of Bioregulation and Pharmacological Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
      sug:
        subj:
          Nadolol Pharmacokinetics
          Drug Monitoring Methods
          Volunteer Workers Psychosocial Factors
          Drug Interactions Evaluation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Japan
          In Vivo Studies
          Models, Biological
          Drug-Food Interactions
          Itraconazole
          Rifampin
          Grapefruit
          Multiple Linear Regression
          Tea
          Descriptive Statistics
          Comparative Studies
          ROC Curve
          Algorithms
          Correlation Coefficient
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Nadolol is a hydrophilic β‐adrenoceptor blocker with a relatively long half‐life and negligible metabolism. It is a substrate of P‐glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2, and may serve as an in vivo probe drug for the assessment of drug–drug and food–drug interactions mediated by these transporters. In the present study, we aimed to develop limited sampling strategy (LSS) models for predicting the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0‐∞) of nadolol. Plasma concentration data (Ct) in healthy volunteers reported in four previous studies were randomly divided into a training dataset for model development (n = 15) and a test dataset for model validation (n = 16). By multiple linear regression analysis, we confirmed that four out of the eight models using two time points and all models using three time points met the acceptable criteria. In particular, the three time point models using (C3, C6, and C24) and (C4, C8, and C24) showed better predictive performances with r2 values of 0.983 and 0.980, respectively. In drug interaction studies of nadolol with itraconazole, rifampicin, grapefruit juice, and green tea extract, both LSS models accurately predicted the AUC0‐∞ with percent mean absolute error ≤11% and percent root mean square error ≤12%. In addition, using digitized pharmacokinetic data of nadolol, both LSS models were further validated by predicting the AUC0‐∞ in different doses. The results suggest that the LSS models using three time points allow a reliable prediction of AUC0‐∞ of nadolol in healthy individuals.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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