Theory of Mind Abilities and Comprehension of Mental Terms in Subgroups of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder.

Purpose: This study examined how subgroups of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) perform on theory of mind (ToM) tasks and comprehend mental terms. Method: Eighty Hebrew-speaking children aged 5--6 years were divided into four groups: children with...

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Published in:Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Vol. 68; no. 6; pp. 2885 - 2900
Main Authors: Hadad, Eden, Segal, Osnat
Format: Article
Published: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Jun2025
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2025
      vid: 68
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      pub: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
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        10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00921
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        atl: Theory of Mind Abilities and Comprehension of Mental Terms in Subgroups of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder.
      aug:
        au:
          Hadad, Eden
          Segal, Osnat
        affil:
          Department of Communication Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
          Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
      su:
        Task performance
        Terms & phrases
        Autism
        Psychology
        Language disorders
        Analysis of variance
        Children
        Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Data analysis
        Phonological awareness
        Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Descriptive statistics
        Analysis of covariance
        Chi-squared test
        Child development deviations
        Statistics
        Asperger's syndrome
        Data analysis software
        Thought & thinking
        Disease complications
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Terms & phrases
          Autism
          Psychology
          Language disorders
          Analysis of variance
          Children
          Pearson correlation (Statistics)
          Data analysis
          Phonological awareness
          Kruskal-Wallis Test
          Descriptive statistics
          Analysis of covariance
          Chi-squared test
          Child development deviations
          Statistics
          Asperger's syndrome
          Data analysis software
          Thought & thinking
          Disease complications
      ab: Purpose: This study examined how subgroups of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) perform on theory of mind (ToM) tasks and comprehend mental terms. Method: Eighty Hebrew-speaking children aged 5--6 years were divided into four groups: children with DLD, ASD and language impairment (ASD-LI), and ASD and typical language abilities (ASD-LN) and typically developing (TD) peers. Language was assessed using the Hebrew Goralnik test. All participants had an average nonverbal IQ (> 85). Comprehension of mental terms, including the factive verb know, the nonfactive verbs think and guess, and the adjective sure, was evaluated contrasting these terms by using 12 paired stimuli organized into three sets. Results: TD children scored highest on the Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToMTB), followed by ASD-LN, ASD-LI, and DLD groups. For factive and nonfactive terms (FNFTs), ASD-LN performed highest, followed by TD, DLD, and ASD-LI. One-way analyses of covariance controlling for nonverbal IQ revealed significant group differences. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated that TD and ASD-LN outperformed ASD-LI and DLD on the ToMTB and FNFTs. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that both nonverbal intelligence and language ability significantly predicted ToM performance. The addition of FNFT comprehension increased the explanatory power of the model. Conclusions: This study underscores differences in ToM and FNFT comprehension across subgroups and highlights similarities between ASD-LI and DLD. These findings emphasize the strong link between language skills and ToM abilities, with FNFT comprehension playing a crucial role in ToM development.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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