Should We Use Educational Robots to Introduce Students to Computational Thinking? Insights From Two Experimental Studies.

Background: Teaching programming and computational thinking is becoming a major issue in many education systems. Numerous approaches are possible, but very few studies compare these different ways of implementing programming and computational thinking learning. Objectives: We compared three ways of...

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Publicado en:Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Vol. 41; no. 4; pp. 1 - 20
Autores principales: Sigayret, Kevin, Blanc, Nathalie, Tricot, André
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Aug2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2025
      vid: 41
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1111/jcal.70074
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        atl: Should We Use Educational Robots to Introduce Students to Computational Thinking? Insights From Two Experimental Studies.
      aug:
        au:
          Sigayret, Kevin
          Blanc, Nathalie
          Tricot, André
        affil: Laboratoire Epsylon UR 4556, Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
      sug:
        subj:
          Problem Solving
          Robotics
          Teaching Methods
          Students
          Student Performance Appraisal Evaluation
          Student Experiences Evaluation
          Sex Factors
          Cognition Evaluation
          Human
          Experimental Studies
          Software
          Learning
          Programming Languages
          Skill Acquisition
          Motivation
          Male
          Female
          Questionnaires
          Child
          Algorithms
          Adolescence
          Pretest-Posttest Design
          Models, Statistical
          Repeated Measures
          Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
          Data Analysis Software
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Teaching programming and computational thinking is becoming a major issue in many education systems. Numerous approaches are possible, but very few studies compare these different ways of implementing programming and computational thinking learning. Objectives: We compared three ways of teaching programming and computational thinking to grade 5 students: unplugged activities, block‐based programming software and educational robotics. Method: This paper re‐exploits previously published data on the comparison between unplugged and plugged‐in (using the block‐based programming software Scratch) learning, by adding a new experimental condition centred on the use of Scratch associated with an educational robot, and incorporates new mixed model statistical analyses. Based on these results, we conducted a second experiment to explore the cognitive load associated with a learning situation on Scratch, with or without an educational robot. Results: Our first experiment revealed that novice grade 5 students using Scratch without a robot learned better programming concepts and skills, compared to students involved in unplugged activities or using Scratch with a robot. Experiment 2 showed that the detrimental effect of using a robot is probably due to an increased extraneous cognitive load in the Scratch with a robot condition. However, robots had a large positive effect on students' motivation. Gender differences were also observed, as girls showed slightly better learning performance but were less motivated than boys when using Scratch without a robot. Conclusions: Overall, these results provide key elements for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of using robots to sustain computational thinking learning in children.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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