Changes in the Justification of Educational Inequalities: The Role of Perceptions of Inequality and Meritocracy During the COVID Pandemic.

Education is considered a key tool for social mobility and equality of opportunities. However, despite the widespread value of education, disparities in educational outcomes persist over time. This paper is guided by the following research questions: To what extent are such educational disparities j...

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Publicado en:Social Justice Research Vol. 38; no. 3; pp. 240 - 264
Autores principales: Castillo, Juan Carlos, Iturra, Julio, Carrasco, Kevin
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Sep2025
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s11211-025-00458-0
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        atl: Changes in the Justification of Educational Inequalities: The Role of Perceptions of Inequality and Meritocracy During the COVID Pandemic.
      aug:
        au:
          Castillo, Juan Carlos
          Iturra, Julio
          Carrasco, Kevin
        affil:
          https://ror.org/047gc3g35 Department of Sociology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
          Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies, Santiago, Chile
          https://ror.org/04ers2y35 Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Bremen, Germany
      su:
        COVID-19 pandemic
        Meritocracy
        Social attitudes
        Educational equalization
        Social mobility
        Chileans
        Longitudinal method
        Neoliberalism
      sug:
        subj:
          COVID-19 pandemic
          Meritocracy
          Social attitudes
          Educational equalization
          Social mobility
          Chileans
          Longitudinal method
          Neoliberalism
      keyword:
        COVID-19
        Inequality justification
        Social inequality
        Studies in Human Society Sociology
        COVID-19
        Inequality justification
        Social inequality
        Studies in Human Society Sociology
      ab: Education is considered a key tool for social mobility and equality of opportunities. However, despite the widespread value of education, disparities in educational outcomes persist over time. This paper is guided by the following research questions: To what extent are such educational disparities justified in society? Is the justification of educational inequality affected in periods of personal and social vulnerability, as in the COVID-19 pandemic? And, what are the main factors driving this kind of justification? The Chilean case offers an interesting context for this study given its high economic inequality, deep neoliberal policies, and commodification of social services such as education. This economic and cultural environment has promoted meritocratic ideals, whereby individual talent and effort are considered key to get ahead in life, disregarding opportunities linked to social origin. The central argument of this article is that the justification of inequalities weakens during periods of vulnerability and crisis (such as the health and economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic). Furthermore, we argue that such changes could be linked to a challenge of meritocratic ideals. For testing the research hypotheses we estimate a series of longitudinal multilevel models with data from a Chilean longitudinal panel survey (2016 – 2023, 6 waves, N = 2,927). Whereas we find support for the association between the perception of meritocracy and justification of inequality, the analyses that involved changes over time showed an increase in the justification of inequality in education. The discussion of these results delves into the social consequences of justifying inequality in a sensitive area as education, as well as the persistence of meritocratic ideals despite challenging events.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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