Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients Using Proton Pump Inhibitors Versus Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The common use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in critically ill patients may increase the incidence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation caused by alkalinization of gastric pH and microaspirations. Given the differences in the...

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Publicado en:Respiratory Care Vol. 70; no. 9; pp. 1159 - 1168
Autores principales: Alves Filho, Francisco Willamy Pedrosa, Lima, Nágila Alves, Mendes, Beatriz Ximenes, Sales, Ivna Cavalcante Barros
Formato: meta analysis research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Sep2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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        atl: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients Using Proton Pump Inhibitors Versus Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Alves Filho, Francisco Willamy Pedrosa
          Lima, Nágila Alves
          Mendes, Beatriz Ximenes
          Sales, Ivna Cavalcante Barros
        affil: Dr. Alves Filho is affiliated with Department of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
      sug:
        subj:
          Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated Epidemiology
          Proton Pump Inhibitors Therapeutic Use
          Histamine H2 Antagonists Therapeutic Use
          Length of Stay
          Hospital Mortality
          Treatment Duration
          Respiration, Artificial
          Time
          Human
          Systematic Review
          Meta Analysis
          PubMed
          Embase
          Cochrane Library
          Comparative Studies
          Intensive Care Units
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Odds Ratio
          Confidence Intervals
          Cause of Death
          Critically Ill Patients
          Checklists
          Male
          Female
          Middle Age
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: The common use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in critically ill patients may increase the incidence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation caused by alkalinization of gastric pH and microaspirations. Given the differences in the mechanisms of action of these drugs, we propose to evaluate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in this patient profile. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, and we included articles that evaluated subjects admitted to the ICU using mechanical ventilation for >48 hours, comparing PPI versus H2RA, to evaluate VAP as the primary outcome. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis, and heterogeneity was examined with the I2 statistic. We use Mantel–Haenszel as a statistical test. Results: A total of 33,471 subjects from 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 nonrandomized cohorts were included. In total, 16,515 (49.34%) subjects received PPI and 16,956 (50.65%) received H2RA. The average age of the population was 56 years. There was no difference in the incidence of VAP when using PPI versus H2RA (5.8% vs 6.1%; odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.81–1.34, P =.77; I2 = 69%) or all-cause mortality (31.88% vs 20.35%; OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.96–1.76, P =.09; I2 = 93%) between groups. In a subanalysis of RCT-only data (469 subjects), the use of PPI or H2RA was also no different in the incidence of VAP (26.52% vs 20.50%; OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.50–3.98; P =.52; I2 = 76%). Conclusions: The data show that the use of PPI or H2RA was indifferent to the incidence of VAP in subjects receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Furthermore, there was also no difference between the groups in relation to all-cause mortality, hospital stay, ICU stay, or duration of mechanical ventilation.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        meta analysis
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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