| Sumario: | Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome, one of whose pathophysiological features is the abnormal activation of the neurohumoral system, especially the excessive excitation of the sympathetic nerve and the continuous activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). At the same time, the decreased cardiac output caused by chronic heart failure can lead to cerebral hypoperfusion and significantly affect cognitive function; conversely, cognitive impairment caused by cerebral hypoperfusion could exacerbate cardiac dysfunction, suggesting a close bidirectional regulatory relationship between the heart and the brain. This article aims to systematically explore the mutual influence-mechanism between chronic heart failure and the nervous system, elaborating on its pathophysiological basis from multiple dimensions such as the regulation of cardiovascular function by neurohumoral regulation under physiological conditions, the pathological mechanism of autonomic nerve imbalance, neurohumoral disorder and dysfunction of neuro-compensation mechanism during the development of chronic heart failure, and the damage of chronic heart failure to cognitive function, and providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the clinical realization of treatment for brain and heart.
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