| Sumario: | Gut microbiota influences obesity and its comorbidities by affecting metabolism and inflammation. The metabolic phenotype of obese individuals alters microbiota composition and metabolite production, impacting metabolic risk. This study examined the effects of a multiphase dietary intervention on metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota diversity in obese individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). The current interventional study describes differences in faecal microbial composition and serum metabolite signatures between two obese phenotypes (with versus without MetS) after a 6-month multiphase dietary intervention (consisting of two six-week phases of very-low calorie diet, separated by a 3-month hypocaloric diet) in 109 participants (64 % women). We found that weight loss improved gut microbiota diversity and composition, and was more effective in participants with MetS. Furthermore, only the MetS group showed a significant improvement in serum levels of acetate and a decrease for trimethylamine. In addition, strong correlations were observed between gut microbiota and clinical parameters, including insulin resistance, blood pressure, and visceral fat. These results demonstrate that populations with obesity can respond differently to the same dietary intervention according to their metabolic phenotype, a difference manifested in gut microbiota parameters. Furthermore, the positive impact of multiphase dietary intervention on microbiota serum metabolites and microbiota composition is more pronounced in obese individuals with MetS.
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