The interplay between ADHD and school shift on educational outcomes in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.

Many countries implement double-shift schooling systems, offering morning or afternoon shifts. Given attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with circadian preference for eveningness, this study hypothesised that young people with ADHD would have worse educational performance t...

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Publicado en:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol. 34; no. 11; pp. 3437 - 3449
Autores principales: Porto, Ighor Miron, do Amaral, João Villanova, Pacheco, João Pedro Gonçalves, Terra, Igor, Miguel, Euripedes Constantino, Pan, Pedro Mario, Gadelha, Ary, Rohde, Luis Augusto, Salum, Giovanni Abrahão, Hoffmann, Maurício Scopel
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Nov2025
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: The interplay between ADHD and school shift on educational outcomes in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis.
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        au:
          Porto, Ighor Miron
          do Amaral, João Villanova
          Pacheco, João Pedro Gonçalves
          Terra, Igor
          Miguel, Euripedes Constantino
          Pan, Pedro Mario
          Gadelha, Ary
          Rohde, Luis Augusto
          Salum, Giovanni Abrahão
          Hoffmann, Maurício Scopel
        affil: https://ror.org/01b78mz79 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, building 26, office 1353, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brazil
      sug:
        subj:
          Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Physiopathology
          Academic Performance In Adolescence
          Circadian Rhythm
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child
          Adolescence
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Prospective Studies
          Mothers
          Caregivers
          Self Report
          Brazil
          Questionnaires
          Child Behavior Checklist
          Checklists
          Confidence Intervals
          Time Factors
          Descriptive Statistics
          Funding Source
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Many countries implement double-shift schooling systems, offering morning or afternoon shifts. Given attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with circadian preference for eveningness, this study hypothesised that young people with ADHD would have worse educational performance than those without ADHD, particularly when attending school in the morning shift. Data were drawn from a Brazilian school-based cohort (n = 2,240, 6–14 years old, 45.6% female; 50.2% in the morning shift; 11.2% with ADHD). ADHD was determined by child psychiatrists using semi-structured interview. Educational outcomes were measured cross-sectionally and three years later (80% retention), including standardised performance test of reading and writing (primary outcome), and parent-reported performance in school subjects and negative school events (repetition, suspension, or dropout). Regression models, adjusted for demographic and cognitive factors, tested the hypotheses, with sensitivity analyses using continuous ADHD symptom measures. Attrition was addressed with inverse probability weighting. ADHD and morning shift were associated with lower reading and writing ability and with higher odds for negative school events cross-sectionally. ADHD predicted lower performance in school subjects and higher negative school events longitudinally. Contrary to our hypothesis, interaction was observed only cross-sectionally, indicating that ADHD symptoms were positively associated with the primary outcomes only in the afternoon shift. Morning shift performance remained consistently low regardless of ADHD symptom levels. These findings suggest that while studying in the afternoon shift benefits children with lower attentional problems, the morning shift does not exacerbate educational difficulties for those with ADHD or higher ADHD symptoms.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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