| Sumario: | Objective: Patient–physician communication in oncology has been studied extensively. Most studies have focused on healthcare professionals' (HCPs) communication, showing the importance of a patient‐centred approach. While some studies have explored the behaviours of patients and their relatives, the majority have centred on HCPs' behaviours, with much less attention to patients' communication patterns during consultations. The main objective of this systematic review was to examine how patients communicate and behave during oncology consultations and to identify the factors influencing these behaviours. Methods: Five databases were searched to find studies analyzing the communication patterns of patients and their relatives during oncology consultations that were audio‐ and/or video‐recorded. Results: Based on the 34,779 references identified, we included 47 studies in our review. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) patients' communication patterns and the topics discussed during oncology consultations; (2) factors influencing patient communication; and (3) patients' perception of and satisfaction with the consultation. Conclusions: Patients exhibited active behaviours during consultations. However, many factors can influence interactions. We recommend taking a comprehensive approach that involves considering communication factors and supporting the development of patient‐centred strategies tailored to individual patient needs. HCPs should not only practice patient‐centred care; they should also implement specific actions to address patients' psychosocial needs. Future research should also utilize complex models to better understand the dynamics of patient–provider communication.
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