Investigating the impact of nature-based interventions using mobile low-cost VR on student workload.

Background: Effective workload management in education is crucial for student well-being with nature-based Virtual Reality (VR) interventions presenting a viable solution. Most publications primarily examined high-end VR devices with immersive Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs), leading to a study gap in...

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Publicado en:Work Vol. 83; no. 2; pp. 374 - 384
Autores principales: Caesaron, Dino, Ardani, Farell
Formato: clinical trial pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Jan2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Investigating the impact of nature-based interventions using mobile low-cost VR on student workload.
      aug:
        au:
          Caesaron, Dino
          Ardani, Farell
        affil: Department of Industrial Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
      sug:
        subj:
          Natural Environment
          Mobile Applications
          Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Economics
          Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Methods
          Student Assignments Psychosocial Factors
          Cognition Evaluation
          Students Psychosocial Factors
          Mental Fatigue Prevention and Control
          Program Evaluation
          Human
          Comparative Studies
          Clinical Trials
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Heart Rate Variability
          Skin Physiology
          Stress, Physiological Prevention and Control
          Biological Markers
          Smartphone
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Questionnaires
          Descriptive Statistics
          Male
          Female
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Analysis of Variance
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Effective workload management in education is crucial for student well-being with nature-based Virtual Reality (VR) interventions presenting a viable solution. Most publications primarily examined high-end VR devices with immersive Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs), leading to a study gap in areas with restricted access to advanced VR technology. Objectives: This study explores the impact of a low-cost non-immersive VR environment on students' workload and cognitive performance in an educational context. Methods: The participants were divided into two groups: a control group using traditional screen-based tasks and an intervention group using low-cost VR tools. Subjective workload was assessed using NASA-TLX and the participants were further categorized based on their perceived workload levels. Objective physiological data, including heart rate variability (HRV) and galvanic skin response (GSR), were recorded, and cognitive performance was measured using the Pauli Test. Results: The results showed no significant differences in physiological, psychological, or performance outcomes between the control and intervention groups, implying that non-immersive VR did not significantly affect stress levels. Due to the limited sensory engagement, non-immersive VR did not activate the body or engage cognition effectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the non-immersive VR intervention not sufficient to produce measurable cognitive impact. Future research is encouraged to investigate the potential of immersive VR environments, which might provide a greater sensory experience. In addition, longer exposure durations should be examined to enhance understanding of the effects on cognitive load, relaxation, and overall well-being in nature-based VR applications. Even though differences were not statistically significant, non-immersive VR still reduced stress and enhanced engagement.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        clinical trial
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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