Including people in the automatic text adaptation process: empirical findings from students with intellectual disability.

Modern automatic text adaptation often fails to meet the specific needs of targeted readers. The TextAD project aimed to address this gap by creating tailored texts for students with intellectual disability (ID), focusing on their unique challenges. This exploratory study presents findings from thre...

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Published in:Disability & Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology Vol. 21; no. 2; pp. 496 - 515
Main Authors: Elwér, Åsa, Rennes, Evelina, Nilsson, Karin, Cederborg, Lina, Holmer, Daniel, Jönsson, Arne
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Feb2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Feb2026
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        10.1080/17483107.2025.2536701
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        atl: Including people in the automatic text adaptation process: empirical findings from students with intellectual disability.
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          Elwér, Åsa
          Rennes, Evelina
          Nilsson, Karin
          Cederborg, Lina
          Holmer, Daniel
          Jönsson, Arne
        affil: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
      sug:
        subj:
          Students with Disabilities
          Persons with Intellectual Disabilities
          Students, High School
          Automation
          Reading
          Grammar
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Sweden
          Empirical Research
          Exploratory Research
          Cognition
          Readability
          Paired T-Tests
          Thematic Analysis
          Self Report
          Funding Source
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Modern automatic text adaptation often fails to meet the specific needs of targeted readers. The TextAD project aimed to address this gap by creating tailored texts for students with intellectual disability (ID), focusing on their unique challenges. This exploratory study presents findings from three rounds of testing automatic adaptations at lexical, syntactic, and discourse levels in expository texts. Reading comprehension, self-reported ratings of comprehension, interest, and perceived difficulty, along with metacognitive insights were assessed with 27 students with ID, refining adaptations based on each iteration's results. While comprehension gains for the adapted versions were not significant overall, promising outcomes appeared with lexical and syntactic adaptations in the later rounds of testing, although group heterogeneity influenced results. Despite reporting high comprehension, students noted persistent difficulty understanding many expository concepts. Alongside evaluating the effects of text adaptations on comprehension and perceived understanding, this paper offers insights into assessment approaches for developing automatic adaptations tailored to this audience. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Automatic lexical and syntactic text adaptations can help improve reading comprehension for students with intellectual disabilities (ID), but significant group heterogeneity affects outcomes. It was unclear if automatic discourse-level adaptations improved the student's unsupervised reading, such adaptations may require explicit instruction. Students with ID report considerable difficulty understanding concepts in expository texts, suggesting that key vocabulary should be discussed or introduced closely alongside the reading task. Definitions provided in or outside the text did not aid student understanding.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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