The 4Cs in youth sport: investigating psychometric multidimensionality, measurement invariance and criterion-related validity.

The 4Cs of positive youth development have been proposed as an appropriate framework for assessing athlete outcomes across various sport domains. However, the psychometric multidimensionality of the full 4C model has not been rigorously investigated. This study examined the psychometric multidimensi...

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Bibliographic Details

Published in:	International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology Vol. 24; no. 3; pp. 431 - 452
Main Authors:	Chan, Melvin, Si Hui Regina, Lim, Koon Teck, Koh
Format:	Article
Published:	Taylor & Francis Ltd Mar2026
Subjects:	Confirmatory factor analysis Psychometrics Structural equation modeling Youth development Predictive validity Sports for children
Online Access:	View this record in EBSCOhost