How Vaccine Mandates Emerged Without a Mandate: Testing Stream Independence in Vietnam's COVID‐19 Response.
This study adapts the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to explore why COVID‐19 vaccine mandates were applied at sectoral and subnational levels in Vietnam while the central government maintained that vaccination was voluntary. Document analysis reveals that these mandates arose from the effective co...
| Publicado en: | Review of Policy Research Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 1 - 21 |
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| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Wiley-Blackwell
Mar2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=192599114&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 192599114 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 1541132X MJJ jtl: Review of Policy Research issn: 1541132X maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Mar2026 vid: 43 iid: 2 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell artinfo: ui: 192599114 10.1111/ropr.70087 ppf: 1 ppct: 20 formats: tig: atl: How Vaccine Mandates Emerged Without a Mandate: Testing Stream Independence in Vietnam's COVID‐19 Response. aug: au: Duong, Hang Attwell, Katie affil: Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth Western Australia,, Australia Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Western Australia,, Australia su: Vietnam Power (Social sciences) Pandemic preparedness Health policy Authoritarianism Policy analysis Vaccination mandates Vaccination policies sug: subj: Power (Social sciences) Pandemic preparedness Health policy Authoritarianism Policy analysis Vietnam Administration of Public Health Programs Vaccination mandates Vaccination policies keyword: authoritarianism decentralization multiple streams framework (MSF) vaccine mandates Vietnam's vaccine policy autoritarismo descentralización Marco de Múltiples Flujos (MSF)mandatos de vacunaciónpolítica de vacunación de Vietnam 多源流框架(MSF) 威权主义 权力下放 疫苗强制接种 越南疫苗政策 authoritarianism decentralization multiple streams framework (MSF) vaccine mandates Vietnam's vaccine policy autoritarismo descentralización Marco de Múltiples Flujos (MSF)mandatos de vacunaciónpolítica de vacunación de Vietnam 多源流框架(MSF) 威权主义 权力下放 疫苗强制接种 越南疫苗政策 ab: This study adapts the Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to explore why COVID‐19 vaccine mandates were applied at sectoral and subnational levels in Vietnam while the central government maintained that vaccination was voluntary. Document analysis reveals that these mandates arose from the effective coupling of the three streams—problem, policy, and politics—in a setting of authoritarian rule, where the streams function differently (and more uniformly) compared to democratic contexts. In the problem stream, insufficient community immunity, negative feedback from macro policies, and pressure from the central government posed challenges for sectoral and subnational policymakers. Within the policy stream, vaccine mandates offered a feasible and politically viable solution. The politics stream demonstrates that political leadership and determination both facilitated and exerted pressure for the adoption of vaccine mandates. A strong decentralized approach to pandemic responses granted substantial autonomy to the ministries and subnational governments, opening a window of opportunity for them to mandate despite the national position of vaccine voluntarism. The findings indicate that Vietnam's vaccine policy reflects a whole‐of‐government approach, with the mandatory vaccination policy emerging from the interaction of institutional hierarchies, functional responsibilities, and broader socio‐political pressures. The study nuances the assumption of stream independence in the MSF, highlighting the significant influence of political dynamics on all streams and the uniformity of key policy actors. It proposes a flexible application of the MSF for authoritarian contexts, where adherence to central government directives is generally strictly enforced with minimal allowance for modification. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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