Virtual Reality Versus Monitor-Based Distraction in Children with Mild Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Comparative Observational Study.

Background/Objectives: Dental anxiety represents a significant barrier to oral care in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), whose sensory sensitivities and behavioral challenges often complicate clinical management and limit access to treatment. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a su...

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Publicado en:Children Vol. 13; no. 3; pp. 437 - 450
Autores principales: Fallea, Antonio, Treccarichi, Simone, L'Episcopo, Simona, Bartolone, Massimiliano, Vetri, Luigi, Vinci, Mirella, Ferri, Raffaele, Calì, Francesco
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: MDPI Mar2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Virtual Reality Versus Monitor-Based Distraction in Children with Mild Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary Comparative Observational Study.
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        au:
          Fallea, Antonio
          Treccarichi, Simone
          L'Episcopo, Simona
          Bartolone, Massimiliano
          Vetri, Luigi
          Vinci, Mirella
          Ferri, Raffaele
          Calì, Francesco
        affil: Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
      sug:
        subj:
          Virtual Reality Utilization
          Distraction Utilization
          Computer Peripherals Utilization
          Severity of Illness
          Intellectual Disability In Infancy and Childhood
          Treatment Outcomes
          Motion Pictures
          Dental Care for Disabled
          Human
          Comparative Studies
          Nonexperimental Studies
          Prospective Studies
          Infant
          Adolescence
          Descriptive Statistics
          Odds Ratio
          Confidence Intervals
          Relative Risk
          Sex Factors
          Male
          Female
          Multiple Logistic Regression
          Scales
          Funding Source
          Data Analysis Software
          Chi Square Test
          Fisher's Exact Test
          T-Tests
          Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Dental Anxiety Prevention and Control
          Infant: 1-23 months
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background/Objectives: Dental anxiety represents a significant barrier to oral care in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), whose sensory sensitivities and behavioral challenges often complicate clinical management and limit access to treatment. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a supportive tool to improve the feasibility of dental procedures in this vulnerable population. This study aims to evaluate whether a VR-based distraction approach could facilitate the completion of dental treatment in children with mild intellectual disability (ID). Methods: A prospective comparative observational study was conducted between February and September 2025 involving 56 children aged 11–15 years with mild ID and moderate dental anxiety (Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, DAS: 9–12). Participants were allocated to two groups of distraction approaches—VR distraction (n = 28) using the Oculus Quest 3® headset or a monitor-based cartoon (n = 28)—according to device availability and to maintain balanced group sizes. The primary outcome was treatment success, defined as completion of the restorative dental procedure under local anesthesia within 50 min. Results: Treatment success was achieved in 78.6% of the VR group versus 46.4% of the monitor group (p = 0.026). The odds of successful treatment were more than four times higher with VR compared to monitor distraction (OR 4.12; 95% CI: 1.16–16.47), with a risk ratio of 2.50 (95% CI: 1.14–5.50). Stratified analysis suggested a stronger effect in females (OR 12.25; 95% CI: 1.27–118.36) than in males (OR 2.56; 95% CI: 0.53–12.43). Conclusions: VR-based distraction significantly improved dental treatment success in children with mild ID compared with conventional distraction. Although gender differences were observed, they should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. This work lays the foundation for developing both short- and long-term protocols to facilitate dental treatment management and cooperation in patients with NDDs.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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