Smartphone accessible audiology modules: improving access to basic ear and hearing health education for primary care providers in Tanzania.

Objective: To develop and pilot test a combined-learning intervention for Tanzanian primary healthcare workers on ear and hearing care (EHC), comprising five self-led smartphone-based modules and in-person workshops. Design: The intervention was piloted with primary healthcare workers in Tanzania. P...

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Publicado en:International Journal of Audiology Vol. 65; no. 4; pp. 491 - 501
Autores principales: Kruglik, Christopher P., Komanya, James D., Yungert, Sabina, Shemsi, Halima N., Shelembi, Annastazia M., Buname, Gustave E., Waterworth, Christopher J., Jacobson, Lia K.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Apr2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        14992027
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      jtl: International Journal of Audiology
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      dt: Apr2026
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        atl: Smartphone accessible audiology modules: improving access to basic ear and hearing health education for primary care providers in Tanzania.
      aug:
        au:
          Kruglik, Christopher P.
          Komanya, James D.
          Yungert, Sabina
          Shemsi, Halima N.
          Shelembi, Annastazia M.
          Buname, Gustave E.
          Waterworth, Christopher J.
          Jacobson, Lia K.
        affil: University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Ear Care Education
          Audiology
          Smartphone
          Health Personnel Education
          Education, Continuing
          Learning Methods
          Mobile Applications
          Seminars and Workshops
          Curriculum Development
          Primary Health Care
          Human
          Funding Source
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Tanzania
          Pilot Studies
          Questionnaires
          Attitude of Health Personnel
          Professional Competence
          Cerumen Removal
          Curriculum
          Otoscopy Education
          Professional Knowledge
          Hearing Disorders Prevention and Control
          Hearing Disorders Therapy
          Ear Diseases Therapy
          Task Shifting
          Audiometry, Pure-Tone Education
          Acoustic Impedance Tests Education
          Ear Anatomy and Histology
          Community Health Services
          Descriptive Statistics
          Comparative Studies
          Summated Rating Scaling
          Data Analysis Software
          T-Tests
          McNemar's Test
          Decision Making, Clinical
          Ear Diseases Education
          Hearing Disorders Education
          Professional Development
          Pretest-Posttest Design
          Ear Diseases Diagnosis
          Hearing Disorders Diagnosis
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objective: To develop and pilot test a combined-learning intervention for Tanzanian primary healthcare workers on ear and hearing care (EHC), comprising five self-led smartphone-based modules and in-person workshops. Design: The intervention was piloted with primary healthcare workers in Tanzania. Pre- and post-training surveys assessed knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards EHC via Likert scales. Statistical analysis (paired t-tests, McNemar tests) evaluated outcomes; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Study sample: 24 local Tanzanian primary healthcare workers. Results: Post-training, participants showed significant improvements in EHC education and skills, including auditory pathology and anatomy (p < 0.01), cerumen extraction (p < 0.01), infection prevention protocols (p < 0.01), otoscopy (p = 0.02), paediatric referral protocols (p = 0.02), diagnostic identification of common otologic conditions (p < 0.01), and management of ear discharge (p < 0.01). However, confidence in interpreting audiograms (p = 0.08) and tympanograms (p = 0.19) remained unchanged, with participants requesting further hands-on training. Conclusions: Smartphone-based learning paired with in-person training effectively enhanced practical EHC skills among primary healthcare workers, supporting task-shifting in low-resource settings. Perceived gaps in interpreting audiological tests highlight the need for further hands-on training. This model demonstrates scalability potential, particularly with rising smartphone access in Africa. Future iterations should prioritise longitudinal competency assessments and adaptive content to address clinical interpretation challenges, advancing equitable EHC delivery.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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