Longitudinal Relations Between Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Hikikomori Symptoms Among Young Gamers – Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model With Contextual Factors.

Despite the high comorbidity of internet gaming disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and hikikomori symptoms (severe social withdrawal), their longitudinal relations remain underexplored, especially whether they directly exacerbate one another over time or stem from shared underlying vulnerabilit...

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Publicado en:Journal of Youth & Adolescence Vol. 55; no. 7; pp. 1764 - 1777
Autores principales: Ye, Xingcan, Fong, Ted C. T., Yip, Paul S. F.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Jul2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2026
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s10964-026-02352-7
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        atl: Longitudinal Relations Between Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Hikikomori Symptoms Among Young Gamers – Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model With Contextual Factors.
      aug:
        au:
          Ye, Xingcan
          Fong, Ted C. T.
          Yip, Paul S. F.
        affil:
          https://ror.org/02zhqgq86 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
          https://ror.org/02zhqgq86 Research Hub of Population Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
          https://ror.org/02zhqgq86 Social Science Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
          https://ror.org/02zhqgq86 The HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
      su:
        Hong Kong (China)
        Families & psychology
        Internet addiction
        Cross-sectional method
        Adolescent development
        Compulsive behavior
        Satisfaction
        Mental health
        Teenagers' conduct of life
        Family attitudes
        Social skills
        Personality
        Interpersonal relations
        Video games
        Mental depression
        Social isolation
        Statistical models
        Research funding
        T-test (Statistics)
        Questionnaires
        Descriptive statistics
        Chi-squared test
        Longitudinal method
        Conceptual structures
        Data analysis software
        Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)
        Comorbidity
      sug:
        subj:
          Families & psychology
          Internet addiction
          Cross-sectional method
          Adolescent development
          Compulsive behavior
          Satisfaction
          Mental health
          Teenagers' conduct of life
          Family attitudes
          Social skills
          Personality
          Interpersonal relations
          Video games
          Mental depression
          Social isolation
          Hong Kong (China)
          Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians)
          Home entertainment equipment merchant wholesalers
          Video game publishers
          Video game design and development services
          Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing
          Statistical models
          Research funding
          T-test (Statistics)
          Questionnaires
          Descriptive statistics
          Chi-squared test
          Longitudinal method
          Conceptual structures
          Data analysis software
          Sensitivity & specificity (Statistics)
          Comorbidity
      keyword:
        Depressive symptoms
        Developmental difference
        Hikikomori
        Internet gaming disorder symptoms
        Medical and Health Sciences Clinical Sciences
        Random intercept cross-lagged panel model
        Depressive symptoms
        Developmental difference
        Hikikomori
        Internet gaming disorder symptoms
        Medical and Health Sciences Clinical Sciences
        Random intercept cross-lagged panel model
      ab: Despite the high comorbidity of internet gaming disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and hikikomori symptoms (severe social withdrawal), their longitudinal relations remain underexplored, especially whether they directly exacerbate one another over time or stem from shared underlying vulnerabilities. The present study used random intercept cross-lagged panel models to differentiate longitudinal within-person effects from stable between-person associations between internet gaming disorder, depressive, and hikikomori symptoms. The sample comprised 1560 gamers (45.3% female, M = 23.38, SD = 3.81 years) in Hong Kong who played internet games for at least three hours per week. Participants were divided into two age groups: 875 youth (43.20% female, M = 20.52, SD = 2.38 years) and 685 adults (47.88% female, M = 27.03, SD = 1.42 years). Including family and in-game contextual factors at the between-person level, two random intercept cross-lagged panel models across age groups were constructed and revealed developmental differences. Among youth gamers, hikikomori symptoms positively predicted depressive symptoms, and internet gaming disorder symptoms marginally predicted higher hikikomori symptoms. No significant within-person effects were found in adult gamers. Internet gaming disorder, depressive, and hikikomori symptoms showed significant positive between-person associations, and the escapism motive was a common risk factor in both youth and adult gamers. Playing specific game genres was associated with comorbidity among youth gamers, whereas the disruptor trait was associated with comorbidity among adult gamers. Lower family satisfaction contributed to depressive and hikikomori symptoms. These results highlight that longitudinal within-person relations might explain the comorbidity among internet gaming disorder, depressive, and hikikomori symptoms in youth gamers, whereas stable between-person associations may account for their co-occurrence in adult gamers. Clinical interventions should be developed for the sequential symptom cascade in youth and target shared underlying vulnerabilities to reduce comorbidity in adult gamers.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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