Measuring Empowering Leadership in Indonesia: A Rasch-based Validation Study.

This study aimed to adapt and validate an Indonesian version of the Perceived Empowering Leadership (PEL-I) scale to measure employees' perceptions of empowering leadership. A total of 316 employees from various types of organisations in Indonesia participated in the study and completed the PEL-I sc...

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Publicado en:Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol. 34; no. 3; pp. 1335 - 1350
Autores principales: Prihatsanti, Unika, Kusnadi, Annisa Puti
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Universiti Putra Malaysia Jun2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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      pub: Universiti Putra Malaysia
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        atl: Measuring Empowering Leadership in Indonesia: A Rasch-based Validation Study.
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        au:
          Prihatsanti, Unika
          Kusnadi, Annisa Puti
        affil:
          Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275 Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
          Doctor of Psychology Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East 60115 Java, Indonesia
      su:
        Rasch models
        Differential item functioning (Research bias)
        Organizational behavior
        Employee empowerment
        Indonesians
        Psychometrics
        Measurement-model comparison
        Leadership ability testing
        Indonesia
      sug:
        subj:
          Indonesia
          Rasch models
          Differential item functioning (Research bias)
          Organizational behavior
          Employee empowerment
          Indonesians
          Psychometrics
          Measurement-model comparison
          Leadership ability testing
      keyword:
        Empowering leadership
        leadership development
        Rasch model
        scale adaptation
      ab: This study aimed to adapt and validate an Indonesian version of the Perceived Empowering Leadership (PEL-I) scale to measure employees' perceptions of empowering leadership. A total of 316 employees from various types of organisations in Indonesia participated in the study and completed the PEL-I scale using a five-point Likert format. Data were analysed using the Rasch measurement model with Winsteps software to examine the scale's psychometric properties. The results indicated high measurement quality, with person reliability of 0.94 and item reliability of 0.95. The analysis supported a unidimensional measurement structure, with 50.9% of the raw variance explained by the measures, and demonstrated good model fit, as indicated by an outfit mean square value of 1.05 and a significant chi-square statistic. Differential item functioning analysis identified potential item bias in one item across gender, educational level, and organisational type. These findings provide empirical support for the validity and reliability of the Indonesian PEL scale. The adapted instrument offers a valuable tool for assessing empowering leadership in organisational settings and can serve as a baseline measure for leadership development and future research in the Indonesian context.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
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    language: English
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      custom: Copyright of Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is the property of Universiti Putra Malaysia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
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          year: 2026
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