The use of visual schedules to increase academic-related on-task behaviors of individuals with autism: a literature review.

A literature review was conducted to examine the existing studies on visual schedules to increase academic-related on-task behaviors for individuals with autism. Systematic searches of electronic databases and reference lists identified 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were e...

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Publicado en:International Journal of Developmental Disabilities Vol. 72; no. 6; pp. 1326 - 1340
Autores principales: Liang, Zhigao, Lee, David, Zuo, Juanjuan, Liang, Shuang
Formato: research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Sep2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2026
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        atl: The use of visual schedules to increase academic-related on-task behaviors of individuals with autism: a literature review.
      aug:
        au:
          Liang, Zhigao
          Lee, David
          Zuo, Juanjuan
          Liang, Shuang
        affil: Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Autism Spectrum Disorder
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Audiovisuals
          Academic Performance
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child
          Adolescence
          Systematic Review
          ERIC Database
          Psycinfo
          Teaching Methods
          Attention
          Reinforcement (Psychology)
          Mainstreaming (Education)
          Checklists
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: A literature review was conducted to examine the existing studies on visual schedules to increase academic-related on-task behaviors for individuals with autism. Systematic searches of electronic databases and reference lists identified 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated in terms of the effectiveness of visual schedules based on (a) participant characteristics; (b) intervention settings and activities; (c) independent variables including visual schedule forms, presentation modes, and other methods or strategies combined with visual schedules; (d) research design and measures; and (e) generalization, maintenance, and social validity. Also, the methodological rigor of each study in this review was assessed (e.g. against Reichow's evaluation standards). The results provided evidence that visual schedules could be utilized in combination with other strategies or methods, especially prompting and reinforcement, to increase the academic-related on-task behaviors of individuals with autism. Seven studies reported social validity, six studies programmed for generalization, and four studies reported maintenance effects. According to Reichow's evaluation standards, six studies met strong criteria and one study met acceptable criteria, indicating that they provide good evidence for the effectiveness of VS on the academic-related on-task behaviors of individuals with autism. Implications and suggestions for practitioners and researchers are provided.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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