Biologic–biologic and biologic–JAK inhibitor combination therapy in refractory systemic autoinflammatory diseases.

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) arise from genetic defects in innate immunity, leading to dysregulated activation of inflammatory pathways, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, TNF, and JAK/STAT. Clinical manifestations range from recurrent fever to severe complications such as encephaliti...

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Published in:Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism Vol. 80
Main Authors: Tufan, Abdurrahman, Stone, Deborah L., Romeo, Tina, Hoffmann, Patrycja, Wilson, Lorena, Deuitch, Natalie T., Kozycki, Christina, Manthiram, Kalpana, Hansen, Sarah, Kastner, Daniel L., Ombrello, Amanda K.
Format: research Journal Article
Published: W B Saunders Oct2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      issn: 00490172
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      dt: Oct2026
      vid: 80
      pid: 1351
      pub: W B Saunders
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        10.1016/j.semarthrit.2026.153067
        196797920
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        atl: Biologic–biologic and biologic–JAK inhibitor combination therapy in refractory systemic autoinflammatory diseases.
      aug:
        au:
          Tufan, Abdurrahman
          Stone, Deborah L.
          Romeo, Tina
          Hoffmann, Patrycja
          Wilson, Lorena
          Deuitch, Natalie T.
          Kozycki, Christina
          Manthiram, Kalpana
          Hansen, Sarah
          Kastner, Daniel L.
          Ombrello, Amanda K.
        affil: Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases Drug Therapy
          Biological Products Therapeutic Use
          Janus Kinase Inhibitors Therapeutic Use
          Drug Therapy, Combination
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Nonexperimental Studies
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Prospective Studies
          Immunosuppressive Agents
          Treatment Outcomes
          Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency Drug Therapy
          Reactive Arthritis Drug Therapy
          C-Reactive Protein
          Glucocorticoids
          Descriptive Statistics
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) arise from genetic defects in innate immunity, leading to dysregulated activation of inflammatory pathways, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, TNF, and JAK/STAT. Clinical manifestations range from recurrent fever to severe complications such as encephalitis and AA amyloidosis. Management aims to control inflammation using immunosuppressive agents and targeted monotherapies (biologics or JAK inhibitors). Advanced combination therapy (ACT), defined as the use of biologics and/or JAK inhibitors in combination, has emerged as a strategy for refractory disease. In this observational retrospective longitudinal cohort study, patients with SAIDs treated with ACT were included. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and safety data were collected. Treatment response was assessed using a composite outcome incorporating corticosteroid dose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and clinical improvement and categorized as non-response, partial response, or complete response. Thirty-eight patients (median age 30 years [range 4–76]) were included. The most common indications for ACT were pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), and undifferentiated SAIDs. Most patients had disease-related complications and were dependent on glucocorticoids and/or opioids to control inflammation and pain, respectively. Following multiple ACT trials, complete response was observed in 21 patients (55.3%), partial response in 12 (31.6%), and no response in 5 (13.1%). Overall, 65 ACT regimens were administered, most commonly combining IL-1 and TNF inhibitors. Thirty-nine regimens were discontinued because of lack of efficacy, secondary loss of response, or adverse events. At the final follow-up, 26 patients (68%) remained on ACT, with a median treatment duration of 60 months (range, 11–186). ACT offers significant clinical benefits for patients with difficult-to-treat SAIDs, though challenges such as secondary loss of efficacy and infection risks remain. [Display omitted]
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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