To Manage Is Not To Control: Or the Folly of Type II Errors.

We are often told that "To manage is to control." This phrase fuses two different concepts into synonymy. The bulk of the writing on management-control makes it evident that this construct is not a conjunction of two classes of administrative behavior. It is employed to exclude a distinguishable man...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Public Administration Review Vol. 39; no. 2; pp. 148 - 157
Autores principales: Landau, Martin, Stout Jr., Russell
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Mar/Apr79
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
Descripción
Sumario:We are often told that "To manage is to control." This phrase fuses two different concepts into synonymy. The bulk of the writing on management-control makes it evident that this construct is not a conjunction of two classes of administrative behavior. It is employed to exclude a distinguishable management function. In the language-in-use, the managerial function is exhausted by the concept of control. This is associated with elaborate technical routines, and an extra- ordinary emphasis on mechanical methods. In examining management curricula and practice, it is reasonable to conclude that all a good manager has to do is to learn a set of control procedures and insure that these are complied with. But control is a function of knowledge, and in uncertain environments knowledge often does not exist. It is necessary therefore, to manage, i.e., assume more flexible responses than are possible in a rigid control mode. The article examines the implications of the management/control confusion as an analogue to Type II statistical error.