Expert and exceptional performance: evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints.
It is demonstrated that expert and exceptional performance are mediated by both cognitive and perceptual-motor skills and domain-specific physiological and anatomical adaptations. The highest levels of human performance in different areas can only be achieved following about ten years of extended,...
| Published in: | Annual Review of Psychology Vol. 47; pp. 273 - 306 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Annual Reviews Inc.
1996
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=510390692&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 510390692 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00664308 ARP jtl: Annual Review of Psychology issn: 00664308 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 1996 vid: 47 pid: 59 pub: Annual Reviews Inc. artinfo: ui: 510390692 10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.273 ppf: 273 ppct: 33 formats: tig: atl: Expert and exceptional performance: evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints. aug: au: Ericsson, K. A. Lehmann, A. C. su: Ability Performance Medical offices Psychology sug: subj: Ability Performance Medical offices Psychology keyword: Performance level ab: It is demonstrated that expert and exceptional performance are mediated by both cognitive and perceptual-motor skills and domain-specific physiological and anatomical adaptations. The highest levels of human performance in different areas can only be achieved following about ten years of extended, daily amounts of deliberate practice activities. Laboratory analyses of expert performance in many areas, including chess, medicine, auditing, computer programming, bridge, physics, sports, typing, juggling, dance, and music, demonstrate maximal adaptations of experts to domain-specific constraints. For example, acquired anticipatory skills circumvent general restrictions on reaction time, and distinctive memory skills permit a domain-specific extension of working memory capacity to support planning, reasoning, and evaluation. Many of the mechanisms of superior expert performance serve the dual objective of mediating experts' present performance and of permitting continued improvement of this performance in response to informative feedback during practice activities. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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