| Sumario: | In the 1980s Japan attempted to develop a domestic supercomputer industry. Key factors in the effort included government backing through Buy Japan public procurement policies and state-sponsored R&D projects; corporate aid by way of intragroup favoritism in procurement and cross-subsidization of their supercomputer divisions; a financial system that enables firms to work for the long term; and a method of valuing industries that stresses their long-term value to the economy more broadly rather than their immediate impact on the bottom line of the firms in the industry. With regard to supercomputer trade, conflict between Japan and the United States is primarily due to structural differences in state and corporate institutions, objectives, and views toward market competition, as opposed to differences in tariffs and quotas, which can be changed relatively easily.
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