Divided attention: An undesirable difficulty in memory retention.

How can we improve memory retention? A large body of research has suggested that difficulty encountered during learning, such as when practice sessions are distributed rather than massed, can enhance later memory performance (see R. A. Bjork & E. L. Bjork, ). Here, we investigated whether divided at...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 41; no. 7; pp. 978 - 989
Main Authors: Gaspelin, Nicholas, Ruthruff, Eric, Pashler, Harold
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Oct2013
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Oct2013
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        10.3758/s13421-013-0326-5
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          Gaspelin, Nicholas
          Ruthruff, Eric
          Pashler, Harold
        affil:
          Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque 87131-1161 USA
          Department of Psychology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla USA
      su:
        New Mexico
        Analysis of variance
        Attention
        College students
        Memory
        Psycholinguistics
        Confidence intervals
        Research funding
        T-test (Statistics)
        Descriptive statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Analysis of variance
          Attention
          College students
          Memory
          Psycholinguistics
          New Mexico
          Confidence intervals
          Research funding
          T-test (Statistics)
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        Desirable difficulties
        Divided attention
        Desirable difficulties
        Divided attention
      ab: How can we improve memory retention? A large body of research has suggested that difficulty encountered during learning, such as when practice sessions are distributed rather than massed, can enhance later memory performance (see R. A. Bjork & E. L. Bjork, ). Here, we investigated whether divided attention during retrieval practice can also constitute a desirable difficulty. Following two initial study phases and one test phase with Swahili-English word pairs (e.g., vuvi-snake), we manipulated whether items were tested again under full or divided attention. Two days later, participants were brought back for a final cued-recall test (e.g., vuvi-?). Across three experiments (combined N = 122), we found no evidence that dividing attention while practicing retrieval enhances memory retention. This finding raises the question of why many types of difficulty during practice do improve long-term retention, but dividing attention does not.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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