Route-learning strategies in typical and atypical development; eye tracking reveals atypical landmark selection in Williams syndrome.
Background Successful navigation is crucial to everyday life. Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have impaired spatial abilities. This includes a deficit in spatial navigation abilities such as learning the route from A to B. To-date, to determine whether participants attend to landmarks when l...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Vol. 60; no. 10; pp. 933 - 945 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
| Formato: | pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Wiley-Blackwell
Oct2016
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=118114866&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 118114866 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 09642633 EUL jtl: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research issn: 09642633 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Oct2016 vid: 60 iid: 10 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell place: Malden, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 118114866 118114866 118114866 10.1111/jir.12331 118114866 ppf: 933 ppct: 12 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Route-learning strategies in typical and atypical development; eye tracking reveals atypical landmark selection in Williams syndrome. aug: au: Farran, E. K. Formby, S. Daniyal, F. Holmes, T. Van Herwegen, J. affil: Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK sug: subj: Williams Syndrome Psychosocial Factors Eye Movement Measurements Virtual Reality Utilization Spatial Perception Evaluation Task Performance and Analysis Methods Learning Human Female Male Child Adolescence Adult Middle Age Comparative Studies Scales Neuropsychological Tests Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software P-Value Two-Way Analysis of Variance Post Hoc Analysis T-Tests Outpatients Academic Medical Centers United Kingdom United Kingdom Funding Source Child: 6-12 years Adolescent: 13-18 years Adult: 19-44 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Female Male ab: Background Successful navigation is crucial to everyday life. Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have impaired spatial abilities. This includes a deficit in spatial navigation abilities such as learning the route from A to B. To-date, to determine whether participants attend to landmarks when learning a route, landmark recall tasks have been employed after the route learning experience. Here, we combined virtual reality and eye tracking technologies, for the first time, to measure landmark use in typically developing (TD) children and participants with WS during route-learning. Method Nineteen individuals with WS were asked to learn a route in a sparse environment (few landmarks) and in a rich environment (many landmarks) whilst their eye movements were recorded. Looking times towards landmarks were compared to TD children aged 6, 8 and 10 years. Changes in attention to landmarks during the learning process were also recorded. Results The WS group made fewer looks to landmarks overall, but all participants looked for longer at landmarks that were at junctions and along the paths of the maze than landmarks that were in the distance. Few differences were observed in route learning between the sparse and rich environments. In contrast to the TD groups, those in the WS group were as likely to look at non-unique landmarks as landmarks at junctions and on paths. Discussion The current results demonstrate that attention to landmarks during route learning reflects the types of landmarks remembered in memory tasks, that individuals with WS can learn a route if given sufficient exposure, but that this is accomplished within the context of an impaired ability to select appropriate landmarks. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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