Examining the contributions of desirable difficulty and reminding to the spacing effect.

Although substantial evidence indicates that spacing repeated study events with intervening material generally enhances memory performance relative to massing study events, the mechanism underlying this benefit is less clear. Two experiments examined the role of reminding difficulty during the acqui...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 46; no. 8; pp. 1376 - 1389
Main Authors: Maddox, Geoffrey B., Pyc, Mary A., Kauffman, Zachary S., Gatewood, Jessica D., Schonhoff, Aubrey M.
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Nov2018
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        10.3758/s13421-018-0843-3
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        atl: Examining the contributions of desirable difficulty and reminding to the spacing effect.
      aug:
        au:
          Maddox, Geoffrey B.
          Pyc, Mary A.
          Kauffman, Zachary S.
          Gatewood, Jessica D.
          Schonhoff, Aubrey M.
        affil:
          Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, 2000 N. Parkway, 38112, Memphis, TN, USA
          Dart NeuroScience, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
      su:
        Judgment (Psychology)
        Memory
        Paradigms (Social sciences)
        Recognition (Psychology)
        Task performance
        Learning strategies
      sug:
        subj:
          Judgment (Psychology)
          Memory
          Paradigms (Social sciences)
          Recognition (Psychology)
          Task performance
          Learning strategies
      keyword:
        Desirable difficulty
        Encoding variability
        Reminding
        Spacing effect
        Desirable difficulty
        Encoding variability
        Reminding
        Spacing effect
      ab: Although substantial evidence indicates that spacing repeated study events with intervening material generally enhances memory performance relative to massing study events, the mechanism underlying this benefit is less clear. Two experiments examined the role of reminding difficulty during the acquisition of material in modulating final memory performance for spaced repetitions utilizing recognition (Experiment 1) and recall tests (Experiment 2). Specifically, participants studied a list of words presented one or two times separated by one or five items. On each trial participants reported whether the item had been previously presented (i.e., repetition detection judgment), and the response latency served as a proxy for reminding difficulty such that longer response latencies reflected more difficult reminding. A third experiment extended this paradigm with the inclusion of a massed condition and novel lag conditions (three and ten items). Results revealed significant lag effects in final test performance across experiments despite comparable repetition detection difficulty between lag conditions during acquisition. Moreover, results from within-participant point-biserial analyses and mediation analyses converged on overall performance measures in suggesting that repetition detection difficulty failed to modulate final test performance in the current paradigm. Discussion considers the implications of the current results for mechanisms proposed to underlie the benefits of spaced study and spaced retrieval practice.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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