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Interpretation of ambiguous pronouns in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Pronouns are referentially ambiguous (e.g. she could refer to any female), yet they are common in everyday conversations. Individuals with typical development (TD) employ several strategies to avoid pronoun interpretation errors, including the subject bias – an assumption that a pronoun...

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Published in:Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Vol. 65; no. 2; pp. 125 - 133
Main Authors: Hawthorne, K., Loveall, S. J.
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Feb2021
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        09642633
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      jtl: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
      issn: 09642633
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      dt: Feb2021
      vid: 65
      iid: 2
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1111/jir.12801
        148078908
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      tig:
        atl: Interpretation of ambiguous pronouns in adults with intellectual disabilities.
      aug:
        au:
          Hawthorne, K.
          Loveall, S. J.
        affil: Department of Hearing, Speech, and Language Sciences, Sorenson Language and Communication Center, Gallaudet University, Washington DC,, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Language Processing Evaluation
          Grammar Classification
          Intellectual Disability In Adulthood
          Vocabulary In Adulthood
          Conversation
          Human
          Adult
          Paradigms
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Reading
          Adult: 19-44 years
      ab: Background: Pronouns are referentially ambiguous (e.g. she could refer to any female), yet they are common in everyday conversations. Individuals with typical development (TD) employ several strategies to avoid pronoun interpretation errors, including the subject bias – an assumption that a pronoun typically refers to the subject (or, with the closely related order‐of‐mention bias, the first‐mentioned character) of the previous sentence. However, it is unknown if adults with intellectual disability (ID) share this strategy or the extent to which the subject bias is associated with non‐verbal abilities or receptive vocabulary. Methods: We tested 22 adults with mixed‐aetiology ID on their interpretation of ambiguous pronouns using the visual world eye‐tracking paradigm and by asking a follow‐up pronoun interpretation question. A group of TD adults was also tested to establish the strength of the subject bias with our materials and task. Results: Adults with ID did demonstrate the subject bias, but it was significantly less robust than that seen in TD. For participants with ID, the subject bias was influenced by non‐verbal IQ and receptive vocabulary at different stages of processing. Conclusions: Given the frequency of pronouns in conversation, strengthening the subject bias may help alleviate discourse and reading comprehension challenges for individuals with ID, particularly those with lower non‐verbal and/or vocabulary skills.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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